Cardiovascular Pathology Flashcards
Describe the pathology of atherosclerosis
end inj -> LDL gets trapped in Sub-intimal space -> inflam -> macrophages take up oxidised LDL -> foam cells -> apoptosis -> cholesterol core of plaque -> more macrophages and T cells enter + Vasc SMCs form fibrous cap
presence of arrhythmia after an MI
90% of pt develop arrhythmia following MI
what are the results of heart failure on fluid levels and contractibility
Dec CO -> activation of RAS -> eventual fluid overload
Dec SV -> baroR activate SNS -> inc TPR -> inc afterload -> LVH and inc EDV -> dilation and poor contractibility
cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
auto dom mut in B MHC gene
Also Troponin T mut
what does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cause
myocardial hypertrophy without ventricular dilation
-> sudden cardiac death in young
what causes HOCM
hypertrophic obstructic CM
septal hypertrophy -> outflow tract obs
age range for acute rheumatic fever and presentation
5-15
sympto develop 2-4w after Group A strep throat inf
what are the criteria for diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever
Group A strep inf + 2 major sympto or 1 major + 2 minor
major = carditis, arthritis, sydenhams cholera, erythema marginatum, subcut nodules Minor = fever, inc ESR/CRP, long PR interval, malaise, tachy
most common site infected in acute rheumatic fever
70% = just mitral valve 25% = mitral valve + aortic
histology of actue rheumatic fever
beady fibrous vegetations, aschoff bodies, anitschkov myocytes
what is the main pathogen in acute rheumatic fever
lancefield group A strep
what is the treatment for acute rheumatic fever
benzylpenicillin
what heart feature might you see with acute rheumatic fever
antigenic mimicry - cross-reaction of anti-strep antibodies with heart tissue
what is infective endocarditis
colonisation of heart valves/mural endocardium by microbe
causes of acute infective endocarditis
staph a, strep pyrogenes
