Cardiovascular Disease and Trauma

Question 1

where do plaques form in IHD

Answer 1

first few cm of LAD or LCX

entire length of RCA

Question 2

How do levels of occlusion affect the type of angina

Answer 2

70% = stanble
>90% = unstable

Question 3

what is important to remember in angina

Answer 3

no muscle death -> no inc in troponins

ecg changes unlikely

Question 4

timeframe of MI = <6hrs ago

Answer 4

normal histology

Question 5

timeframe of MI = 6-24hrs ago

Answer 5

loss of nuclei, homozygous cytoplasm, necrotic cell death

Question 6

timeframe of MI = 1-4 days

Answer 6

infiltration of polymorphs and macrophages

Question 7

timeframe of MI = 1-2w

Answer 7

granulation tissue, new blood vessels, myofibroblasts, collagen synth

Question 8

timeframe of MI = >2w

Answer 8

strengthening, decellularizing scar tissue

Question 9

complications of MI

Answer 9

DARTH VADER

death, arrhythmia, rupture, tamponade, heart F, valve disease, aneurism, dressler syndro, embolism, reccurence/regurg

Question 10

sympto of L heart F

Answer 10

SOB + pulmo oedema

Question 11

sympto of R heart F

Answer 11

periph oedema + Nutmeg liver

Question 12

histo changes in cardiac F

Answer 12

dilated heart, scarring and thinning of walls, fibrosis + replacement of ventricular myocardium

Question 13

3 types of cardiomyopathy

Answer 13

dilated -> loss of myocytes
hypertrophic -> sudden cardiac death
Restrictive -> dec conpliance

Question 14

cause of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 14

alco, inf, thyroid disease

Question 15

cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 15

defect in B myosin heavy chain

Question 16

cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 16

amyloid, sarcoid

Question 17

symptoms of pericarditis

Answer 17

pleuritic chest pain relieved by sitting forward
pericardial rub
SOB

Question 18

ecg changes in pericarditis

Answer 18

widespread ST elevation