Lower GI Pathology Flashcards
mot common congen GI abn
Hirschsprung’s disease (in male babies)
path of hirschprungs disease
absence of ganglion cell in myenteric plexus -> distal colon fails to dilate
how will Hirschsprung disease present
failure to pass meconium in first 48hr
abdo distention
overflow diarrhoea
diagnostic inv for hirschprungs d
full thickness biopsy of affected segment
treatment of hirschprungs d
resection of affected segment
renalanastamosis
what causes pseudomembranous colitis
c diff inf (antibiotic asso)
histopath of pseudomembranous colitis
pseudomembrane formation on colon
diagnostic inv for pseudomembranous colitis
toxin stool assay
Treatment for pseudomembranous colitis
side room
vancomycin
metronidazole
histopath of ischaemic colitis
watershed zones of disease on splenic flexures and rectrosigmoid
causes of ischaemic colitis
occlusive - a/v occlusion, sml vessel disease, obstruction (hernia)
hypoperfusion - CHF, haemorrhagic shock
presentation of crohn’s
affects entire GIT, transmural inflam, patchy non-caesating granulomas skip lesions cobblestone mucosa ulcers/fissures/abscesses thick bowel wall
presentation of UC
continuous inflam in rectum and colon
limited to mucosa]shallow ulcers
normal thickness bowell wall
what are some complications of UC
toxic megacolon, adenocarcinoma
what are the extra-intestinal signs of IBD
arthritis, uveitis, erythema nodosum, polyderma gangrenosum
what features of polys are asso with inc risk of malig
inc in size and dysplasia
what is the most common type of colorectal cancer
adenocarcinoma
what are the RFs for colorectal cancer
low fibre, high fat diet, obese, chronis IBD
what is the dukes staging for colorectal cancer
A = only mucosa B = no lymph node inv C = LN inv D = distant mets
what is the inheritance of Familial adematous polyposis
auto dom
due to apc tumour suppressor gene mut
100% chance of cancer in 10-15y
what is gardeners syndrome
Auto dom
FAP with extra intestinal malformations (esp dental)
what is HNPCC/lynch syndrome
colonic cancer + another extra colonic cancer at the same time
