Upper GI Flashcards
Overview of Upper GI tract
Oral Cavity → Pharynx → Oesphagus → Stomach
Function of oral cavity
Receives food + prepares it for further digestion
Oral fissure?
opening between lips (diameter controlled by facial expression muscle)
Oropharyngeal isthmus?
opening to oesophagus
Oral Vestibule?
Space between lips / cheeks and gums / teeth
Which salivary gland opens into oral vestibule?
Parotid
What is the oral cavity split into?
Roof, Floor, Cheeks
Hard Palette?
Bony plate separating nasal cavity from oral cavity (roof of oral cavity)
Soft Palette?
Muscular structure acting as a valve (can lower to close oropharyngeal isthmus + elevates to separate nasopharynx from oropharynx)
Function of cheeks of oral cavity?
Buccinator muscles contract = keep food between teeth while chewing
Muscular diaphragm of oral cavity floor + geniohyoid muscles?
Pull larynx forward during swallowing
Frenulum of tongue?
fold in oral mucosa connecting the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
Hard Palette Innervation
Trigeminal Nerve → Maxillary Nerve → Greater Palatine Nerve + Nasopalatine Nerve → HARD PALETTE
Soft Palette Innervation
Trigeminal Nerve → Maxillary Nerve → Lesser Palatine Nerve → SOFT PALETTE
Tongue Innervation
Trigeminal Nerve → Mandibular Nerve → Lingual Nerve → TONGUE
Cheeks Innervation
Trigeminal Nerve → Mandibular Nerve → Buccal Nerve → CHEEKS
Salivary Glands? (3)
Parotid Glands
Sublingual Glands
Submandibular Glands
Parotid Gland Arterial supply
External Carotid Artery → Posterior Auricular Artery + Superficial Temporal Artery → PAROTID GLAND
Parotid Venous Drainage
PAROTID GLAND → Retromandibular Vein → Superficial Temporal Vein + Maxillary Vein
Parasympathetics of Parotid
Parasympathetic = more saliva Glossopharyngeal Nerve (synapses with) Octic Ganglion (carries parasympathetic fibres to) Parotid Gland
Sympathetics of Parotid
Sympathetic = inhibits saliva (by vasoconstriction)
From Sup. Cervical Ganglion (fibres from ganglion travel along) External Carotid Artery (to the) Parotid Gland
Sensory innervation of Parotid
Sensory Innervation = Auriculotemporal Nerve + Great Auricular Nerve
where are the sublingual glands?
On the oral cavity floor (under the tongue)
Both glands unite in horseshoe shape around lingual frenulum
Sublingual fossa?
= shallow groove formed by glands on the surface of the mandible
Sublingual fold?
= elevated crest of mucosa membrane in superior aspect of the horseshoe (where sublingual glands unite)
Where do secretions of sublingual drain? How?
Secretions drain into oral cavity by the minor sublingual ducts (extend to form sublingual papillae either side of frenulum)
Sublingual Gland Arterial Supply (2)
External Carotid Artery → Lingual Artery → Sublingual Artery → SUBLINGUAL GLANDS
External Carotid Artery → Facial Artery → Submental Artery → SUBLINGUAL GLANDS
Sublingual Venous Drainage (2)
SUBLINGUAL GLANDS → Sublingual Vein → Lingual Vein → External Jugular Vein
SUBLINGUAL GLANDS → Submental Vein → Facial Artery → External Jugular Vein
Sublingual + submandibular parasympathetics (including post-ganglionic)
Sup. Salivatory Nucleus (through presynaptic fibres via) chorda tympani of Facial Nerve (which unite with) Lingual Branch of Mandibular Nerve (synapsing at) Submandibular Ganglion
Postganglionic innervation = secretomotor fibres (directly induce secretions) + vasodilator fibres (accompany arteries to increase blood supply)
sublingual + submandibular sympathetics
Sup. Cervical Ganglion (post-synaptic vasoconstrictive fibres travel as a plexus to) Internal / External Carotid Arteries + Facial Artery + Sublingual / Submental Arteries
Reduces blood flow through vasoconstriction
submandibular gland arms (2)
Superficial arm + Deep arm
Hook around Mylohyoid muscle
superficial arm of submandibular
Greater portion of gland
Within impression of submandibular fossa (outside oral cavity boundary)
deep arm of submandibular
Hooks around posterior margin of mylohyoid + lateral surface of hyoglossus (lateral to root of tongue)
where is submandibular saliva secreted
Secretions travel from submandibular ducts → oral cavity (via submandibular ducts)
submandibular arterial supply (2)
External Carotid Artery → Facial Artery → Submental Artery → SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS
External Carotid Artery → Lingual Artery → Sublingual Artery → SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS
submandibular venous supply (2)
SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS → Submental Vein → Facial Vein → Internal Jugular Vein
SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS → Sublingual Vein → Lingual Vein → Internal Jugular Vein
what is the pharynx? 3 parts?
Muscular tube connecting oral and nasal cavity to larynx + oesophagus
(nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
Where is the oropharynx?
between soft palette + sup. border of epiglottis
Where is the larygnopharynx?
Between sup. Border of Epiglottis + inf. Border of Cricoid Cartilage
Types of muscle in pharynx? (2) + description
1) circular constrictor muscles ( form incomplete muscular circle attaching to structures in the neck)
2) longitudinal (Act to shorten + widen pharynx + elevate larynx during swallowing)
where are sup, middle, inf pharyngeal constrictors?
sup = oro
middle + inf = laryngo
Stylopharyngeus (longitudinal muscle)?
Arises from styloid process of temporal bone (inserts into pharynx)
Innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve
Palatopharyngeneus (longitudinal muscle)?
Arises from hard palate of oral cavity
Inserts into pharynx
Innervated by vagus nerve
Salpingopharyngngeus (longitudinal muscle)?
Arises from Eustachian tube
Inserts into pharynx
Innervated by vagus nerve
stage 1 Degluttination
Voluntary
Bolus pushes against hard palate
Pushed from mouth into oropharynx by tongue muscle
stage 2 Degluttination
Involuntary
Soft palate is elevated (blocks off nasopharynx)
Muscles of pharynx widen + shorten (to receive bolus)
stage 3 Degluttination
Sequential contraction of all 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles
Forces bolus into oesphagus
Pharynx arterial supply (3)
External Carotid Artery → ascending pharyngeal artery → PHARYNX
External Carotid Artery → branches of facial artery → PHARYNX
External Carotid Artery → branches of lingual + maxillary arteries→ PHARYNX
Pharynx venous drainage
PHARYNX → pharyngeal venous plexus → internal jugular vein
Sensory + motor innervation of pharynx
Sensory innervation = from glossopharyngeal nerve
Motor innervation = by vagus nerve (except for stylopharyngeus)
