Drug Targets Flashcards

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1
Q

Drug?

A

substance producing a biological effect when administered to living organisms

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2
Q

Sources for Drugs (6)

A
Plant or animal tissues
Extracted from bacteria / fungi culture 
Chemical synthesis 
Semi-sympathetic (chemical modification of compound isolated from plant / animal)
Genetic engineering
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3
Q

Types of drug targets (4)

A

ENZYMES
RECEPTORS
ION CHANNELS
TRANSPORTER MOLECULES

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4
Q

Enzymes

A

Usually a protein

Catalyses biochemical reactions

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5
Q

Receptors

A

protein that recognises + responds to endogenous signals (ligand)
Ligand binds to receptor:
Causes cascade of chemical reactions
Causes biological response

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6
Q

Drugs effect on Receptors

A

Some drugs bind to receptor + prevent natural ligand from binding = REDUCES BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE

Some drugs bind to recpetors + act as / mimic natural ligand = INCREASES BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE

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7
Q

Ion channels

A

Membrane spanning proteins controlling movement of ions across membrane
Ions = charged molecules (can’t pass directly through lipid bilayer as they are hydrophilic)

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8
Q

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

A

Charge difference outside + inside cell membrane

If charge difference is changed then voltage-gated ion channels OPEN

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9
Q

Ligand gated Ion Channels

A

Ligand binds to the ion channel
Makes a conformation change in shape of ion channel
OPENS up pore so ions can move

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10
Q

Transporter

A

Membrane spanning proteins controlling movement of small hydrophilic molecules across hydrophobic bilayer (e.g glucose)
By facilitated diffusion or active transpor

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