Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Sciences > Blood Components > Flashcards

Blood Components Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Function of Blood (3)

A

Transportation (gases, heat, nutrients, waste)
Protection
Regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Formed elements (3)

A

RBCs
WBCs
Platletes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Haemopoesis

A

= development of formed elements of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Site of haemoposesis before birth?

A

1st in yolk sac…later in spleen, thymus + lymph nodes of foetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Main site of haemopoesis (last 3 months before birth)

A

red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe red bone marrow

A

Highly vascularised connective tissue

In macroscopic spaces between trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

0.05-0.1% of red bone marrow =

A

= PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (derivative + function)

A

Derived from mesenchyme (tissue from which almost all connective tissue develop)

Have capacity to develop into many different types of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Red to Yellow Bone Marrow Transition?

A

All RED in newborns

As person ages rate of blood cell formation decreases

Red bone marrow in long bones becomes inactive (replaced with YELLOW bone marrow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can pluripotent stem cells divide into (what can they develop into?)

A

Myeloid Stem Cells (develop into: platelets, WBCs, RBCs)

Lymphoid Stem cells (develop into lymphocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Precursor cells?

A

“…blasts”
Over several divisions
Develop into formed elements of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Progenitor cells? (what can they become)

A

No longer capable of reproducing themselves
Some becoming colony-forming units (CFU)
Become other types of blood cell but not themselves?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 3 types of Hematopoietic Growth Hormones

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

Cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of erythropoietin

A

Increases no. of red blood cell precursors

Mainly in kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of thrombopoietin

A

Hormone produced by liver

Stimulates platelet formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of cytokines

A

Regulate development of different blood types

Small glycoproteins
Act as local proteins

Stimulate proliferation of progenitor cells
Regulate non-specific immune cell activities + immune responses

Cytokine Families (stimulate WBC formation) 
(Colony-stimulating factors, Interleukins)
17
Q

Why do males have higher hematocrits?

A

Higher due to higher levels of testosterone

Stimulates erythropoietin = stimulates production of RBCs

18
Q

Anemia vs Polycythemia

A

Anemia = lower hematocrit than normal

Polycythemia = abnormally high hematocrit (>65%)
Raises blood viscosity + blood pressure (due to increases resistance to flow)

19
Q

RBCs plasma membrane

A

Strong flexible plasma membrane

Allows them to deform without rupturing (when squeezing through narrow capillaries)

20
Q

What causes different blood types?

A

different glycolipids

21
Q

Pro + Con of RBCs lacking nucleus + organelles

A

Cant reproduce / carry out metabolic activities

More room to carry O2

22
Q

Structure of haemoglobin

A 
Contains proteins (haem)
4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha, 2 beta)

Contain ring like non-protein pigment (heme) bound to each of 4 chains

Centre of heme ring = Fe2+

23
Q

RBCs contain enzyme carbonic anhydrase which catalyses…

A

CO2 + H2O → ← H2CO3 → ← H+ + HCO3-

24
Q

How to tell the difference between granular + agranular WBCs?

A

(Granular = …“phil” )

Agranular =… “cyte”

25
Q

How do WBCs leave the bloodstream?

A

Roll along vessel + stick to endothelium

Squeeze between endothelial cells

26
Q

Adhesion Molecules in WBCs (+ selectins and integrins)

A

Help WBCs to stick to endothelium

“selectins” = displayed on surface of endothelial cells
(Response to injury + inflammation)
Stick to carbs on surface of neutrophils
Cause them to slow down + roll

“Integrins” = tether neutrophils to endothelium

27
Q

Chemotaxis (neutrophils + macrophages) + stimulus

A

= Different chemicals released by microbes (attract phagocytes)

Stimuli for chemotaxis = kinins (specialised products of damaged tissues)

28
Q

Defensins (neutrophils + macrophages) + action

A

= Proteins in neutrophils
Board range of antibiotic activity

Form peptides spears (poke holes in microbe membrane)
Loss of cellular contents = kill invader

29
Q

Action of eosinophils

A

Released by enzymes combatting substances involved in inflammation
Phagocytosis antigen-antibody complexes

30
Q

Action of basophils

A

Leave capillaries at inflammation site (enter tissues)
Enter tissues + release granules

Contain heparin, histamine + serotonin
Intensify inflammation

31
Q

Mast Cells

A

Release substances involved in inflammation

Widely dispersed in connective tissues

32
Q

Main types of lymphocyte + function (3)

A 
B cells (destroy bacteria + inactivate their toxins)
T cells (attack infected cells + tumour cells) 
NK cells (natural killer)

Medical Sciences (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions