Anatomy of Bones + Cartilage Flashcards

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1
Q

Somatic Skeleton?

A

Axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, sesamoid bones

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2
Q

Visceral Skeleton?

A

derivatives of branchial arches (embryological feature)

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3
Q

Functions of bone? (three)

A

1) supporting framework for soft tissues
2) allowing movement
3) protection (e.g skull and spinal chord)

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4
Q

Types of mature bone? (two)

A

1) Compact bone

2) Trabecular (spongey bone)

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5
Q

Yellow Adipose bone marrow?

A

connective tissues supporting blood vessels + fat cells

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6
Q

Red Haemopoietic bone marrow?

A

forms blood cells

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7
Q

What is the bone completely covered by? (except articular surface)

A

periosteum

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8
Q

Endochondral / intracartilaginous ossification

A

cartilage model being replaced by hard bony tissue

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9
Q

intramembranous / mesenchymal ossification

A

bones aren’t preformed from cartilage

ossification spreads through mesenchyme tissue

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10
Q

Diaphysis? What is it ossified by?

A

shaft of long bone

ossified by primary ossification centre

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11
Q

Epiphysis? Ossified by?

A

ends of bone

ossified by secondary ossification centre

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12
Q

Metaphysis?

A

part of diaphysis directly next to epiphysis

where bone growth occurs

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13
Q

Epiphysial (growth) plate?

A

region of remaining cartilage between epiphysis + diaphysis

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14
Q

Types of Cartilage (three)

A

1) Hyaline Cartilage
2) White Fibrocartilage
3) Yellow Elastic Fibrocartilage

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15
Q

Hyaline Cartilage function (3)

A

1) forms cartilage model of bones
2) used for articular cartilage
3) Incomplete rings in trachae + bronchi

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16
Q

Arterial supply to bones

A

Diaphysial nutrient arteries (from large arteries passing close to bone
Ephiphysial + metaphysial arteries (can replace diaphysial supply)

17
Q

Vascular foramina?

A

holes allowing entry nutrient arteries + exits of veins

18
Q

PROXIMAL END

A

end of bone nearest to the trunk (applied usually to long bone)

19
Q

DISTAL END

A

= end of bone furthest from the trunk (in long bone)

20
Q

ARTICULAR SURFACE + ARTICULAR FACET

A

= smooth surface of a bone involved in a joint (small auricular surface = articular facet)

21
Q

TENDON FACETS

A

= bony facets (without articular cartilage) where tendons attach to the bone

22
Q

CONDYLES + TROCHLEA

A

= curved articular surface

Grooved condyle = trochlea

23
Q

EPICONDYLES

A

= small projection jutting out of condyle (usually for attachment of a ligament)

24
Q

FOSSA

A

= depression on the surface of a bone

25
Q

GROOVE / SULCUS

A

= elongated depression (usually occupied by soft tissue structure)

26
Q

PROCESS

A

= projection (variable in size + shape)

27
Q

SPINE

A

= particularly elongated process (projection)

28
Q

TUBEROSITY / TUBERCULE

A

= localised round bumps on bone surface

29
Q

CREST

A

= wide, elongated elevation

30
Q

LINE

A

= elongated elevation (not wide enough to be a crest)

31
Q

FORAMEN

A

= hole in a bone

32
Q

CANAL

A

= considerably long foramen (hole)

33
Q

LAMINA

A

= thin plate of bone

34
Q

SQUAMA

A

= large lamina (thin plate of bone)