Anatomy of Bones + Cartilage Flashcards
Somatic Skeleton?
Axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, sesamoid bones
Visceral Skeleton?
derivatives of branchial arches (embryological feature)
Functions of bone? (three)
1) supporting framework for soft tissues
2) allowing movement
3) protection (e.g skull and spinal chord)
Types of mature bone? (two)
1) Compact bone
2) Trabecular (spongey bone)
Yellow Adipose bone marrow?
connective tissues supporting blood vessels + fat cells
Red Haemopoietic bone marrow?
forms blood cells
What is the bone completely covered by? (except articular surface)
periosteum
Endochondral / intracartilaginous ossification
cartilage model being replaced by hard bony tissue
intramembranous / mesenchymal ossification
bones aren’t preformed from cartilage
ossification spreads through mesenchyme tissue
Diaphysis? What is it ossified by?
shaft of long bone
ossified by primary ossification centre
Epiphysis? Ossified by?
ends of bone
ossified by secondary ossification centre
Metaphysis?
part of diaphysis directly next to epiphysis
where bone growth occurs
Epiphysial (growth) plate?
region of remaining cartilage between epiphysis + diaphysis
Types of Cartilage (three)
1) Hyaline Cartilage
2) White Fibrocartilage
3) Yellow Elastic Fibrocartilage
Hyaline Cartilage function (3)
1) forms cartilage model of bones
2) used for articular cartilage
3) Incomplete rings in trachae + bronchi
Arterial supply to bones
Diaphysial nutrient arteries (from large arteries passing close to bone
Ephiphysial + metaphysial arteries (can replace diaphysial supply)
Vascular foramina?
holes allowing entry nutrient arteries + exits of veins
PROXIMAL END
end of bone nearest to the trunk (applied usually to long bone)
DISTAL END
= end of bone furthest from the trunk (in long bone)
ARTICULAR SURFACE + ARTICULAR FACET
= smooth surface of a bone involved in a joint (small auricular surface = articular facet)
TENDON FACETS
= bony facets (without articular cartilage) where tendons attach to the bone
CONDYLES + TROCHLEA
= curved articular surface
Grooved condyle = trochlea
EPICONDYLES
= small projection jutting out of condyle (usually for attachment of a ligament)
FOSSA
= depression on the surface of a bone
GROOVE / SULCUS
= elongated depression (usually occupied by soft tissue structure)
PROCESS
= projection (variable in size + shape)
SPINE
= particularly elongated process (projection)
TUBEROSITY / TUBERCULE
= localised round bumps on bone surface
CREST
= wide, elongated elevation
LINE
= elongated elevation (not wide enough to be a crest)
FORAMEN
= hole in a bone
CANAL
= considerably long foramen (hole)
LAMINA
= thin plate of bone
SQUAMA
= large lamina (thin plate of bone)
