Anatomy of respiratory system (NOSE) Flashcards
Nasal root
= continuous with forehead
Nose apex
Apex = rounded ‘tip’ of nose
Dorsum
Dorsum = between root + apex
Nares
Nares = inferior to apex
Bound medially by nasal septum
Bound laterally to ala nasi (lateral cartilaginous wings of nose
boney component (nose) (location, skin type + contributions)
Boney component = located superiorly Skin = thin Comprised of contributions from Nasal bones Maxillae Frontal bone
cartilaginous component (nose) (location, skin type + contributions)
Cartilaginous component = located inferiorly
Skin = thicker with many sebaceous glands (extends into vestibule of nose via nares)
Comprised of: 2 lateral cartilages 2 alar cartilages 1 septal cartilage \+ some smaller alar
Paranasal sinuses (4)
Maxillary
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
What lines paranasal sinuses?
Sinus lined by ciliated pseudostratified epithelium + mucus secreting goblet cells
Functions of sinuses?
Lightening weight of head
Supporting immune defences
Humidifying inspired air
Increasing resonance of voice
Where do sinuses all drain?
Back into nasal cavity
Frontal sinus (drainage, sensation, arterial supply)
Drainage via Frontonasal Duct
Opens into hiatus semilunaris
Sensation = by supraorbital nerve
(branch of of ophthalmic nerve)
Arterial supply = via anterior ethmoidal artery
(branch of internal carotid)
Sphenoid sinuses (drainage, sensation, arterial supply)
Open out into SPHENO-ETHMOID RECESS
Innervated by posterior ethmoid nerve (branch of ophthalmic nerves + branches of maxillary nerve)
Blood supply = pharyngeal branches of maxillary arteries
What are the ethmoid sinuses + where do they drain (3)
Anterior = opens into hiatus semilunis (middle meatus) Middle = openis onto lateral walls of middle meatus Posterior = opens onto lateral walls of superior meatus
Innervation + blood supply to ethmoid sinuses
Innervated by anterior + posterior ethmoidal branches (of nasociliary nerve + maxillary nerve)
Blood supply = anterior + posterior ethmoid arteries
Nasal Cavity Functions (4)
Warms + humidifies inspired air
Removes trapped pathogens + particles from inspired air
Sense of smell
Drains + cleans paranasal sinuses + lacrimal ducts
Divisons of nasal cavity (3)
Vestibule
Respiratory Region
Olfactory Region
Nasal cavity vestibule
Vestibule = Area surrounding anterior exterior opening to nasal cavity
Nasal cavity Respiratory region
Respiratory Region = Lined by ciliated pseudostratified epithelium + mucus secreting goblet cells
Nasal cavity olfactory region
Olfactory Region = apex of nasal cavity (lined by olfactory cells + receptors)
Nasal conchae
Projecting out of lateral walls (curved shelves of bone) 3 conchae (inferior, middle, superior)
What do nasal conchae do?
= creates 4 pathways (meatus) for air to flow
4 nasal types of meatus (+ which concha form them)
Inf meatus = inf concha → floor of nasal cavity
Middle meatus = inf → middle concha
Sup meatus = middle → sup concha
Spheno-ethmoidal recess = superior + posterior to sup concha
Function of concha
concha INCREASE surface area of cavity
(So increases amount of inspired air in contact with walls)
Disrupt fast laminar flow of air (makes it slow + turbulent)
Air spends longer in nasal cavity = so it can be humidified
Where do (Frontal, maxillary + anterior ethmoid) sinuses drain ? What is it marked by?
= all drain into middle meatus
marked by semilunar hiatus
Semilunar hiatus?
= crescent shaped groove above lateral walls of nasal cavity
Where does middle ethmoidal sinus empty?
Middle Ethmoidal sinus = empty into Ethmoidal Bulla
Ethmoidal bulla?
(bulge in lateral wall formed by middle ethmoid sinus itself)
Where do posterior ethmoidal sinuses empty?
= open out at superior meatus
Cribiform plate?
bone? portion? function?
Part of ethmoid bone
Form portion of roof of nasal cavity
Very small perforations
Allows fibres of olfactory nerve to enter / exit
Sphenopalatine foramen
Allows communication between nasal cavity + pterygopalatine fossa
Sphenopalatine artery, nasopalatine nerve + superior nasal nerve pass through foramen
Incisive cana =
pathway between nasal cavity + increase fossa of oral cavity
Incisive fossa of oral cavity =
transmits nasopalatine nerve + greater palatine artery
Nasal cavity arterial supply?
Nose receives blood from internal + external carotid arteries
Nasal cavity SPECIAL innervation
Special Sensory:
Ability to smell
Carried out by olfactory nerves
Olfactory bulb (part of brain) = lies on superior surface of cribriform plate (above nasal cavity)
Branches of olfactory nerve = run through cribiform plate
Nasal Cavity GENERAL innervation
General Sensory:
Innervation to septum + lateral walls
Delivered by nasopalatine nerve (branch of maxillary) + nasociliary nerve (ophthalmic nerve)
Innervation to external skin = trigeminal nerve
