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Year 2 Pathology > Upper GI > Flashcards

Upper GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is chronic gastritis?

A

Inflammation of the stomach mucosa

can provide an environment in which dysplasia and carcinoma can arise

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2
Q

The stomachs lining has to keep intact as

A

do not want acid to come from bowl

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3
Q

Chronic gastritis can provide an environment in which

A

dysplasia and carcinoma can arise

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4
Q

Symptoms of chronic gastritis

A
  • upper abdominal pain
  • indigestion or bloating
  • nausea or vomiting
  • belching
  • loss of appetite or weight loss

can be asymptomatic

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5
Q

Causes of chronic gastritis

A

Autoimmune - effect body of stomach
Bacteria - H pylori is important in bowel
Chemical - alcohol

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6
Q

Helicobacter pylori effects

A

the eye

hides inside the bowel away from the acid

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7
Q

Gram-negative bacterium found in the stomach, particularly antrum
Infects over half the worlds pop by ages 5
Hides in bowel
Infection probably acquired via faecal-oral route

A

H.pylori

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8
Q

common cause of chronic gastritis

A

H. pylori

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9
Q

What is h.pylori

A

Gram-negative bacterium found in the stomach, particularly antrum

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10
Q 
80% asymptomatic
5-15% peptic ulcer disease
10% non-ulcer dyspepsia 
1-% gastric adenocarcinomas 
0.5% gastric maltoma
A

clinical presentation of h.pylori

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11
Q

Peptic ulcer disease

A
  • serious
  • damage to mucosa in bowel
  • can develop when blood vol is low
  • stress ulcer
  • mobility reduce
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12
Q

Symptoms of peptic ulcer

A

pain
worse at night
worse after meals

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13
Q

after you have ate and you get pain straight away this is a

A

gastric ulcer

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14
Q

after you have ate and you get pain 2-3 hours later this is a

A

ulcer in duodenum

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15
Q

Complications of peptic ulcers

A
  • bleeding leading to iron deficiency anaemia
  • massive hematemesis
  • perforation leading to peritonitis
  • long term cancer
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16
Q

What is peptic ulcer disease

A

occurs in DI or antrum

common causes H.pylori

17
Q

What is barrett’s oesophagus?

A
  • columnar epithelium with goblet cells replace normal lining of oesophagus stratified squamous epithelium
  • adaption o chronic acid exposure from reflux
  • process of dysplasia : low grade to high grade to invasive carcinoma
18
Q

What are the types of Upper GI malignancy?

A

Oesophagus
Stomach
Small bowl

19
Q

Oesophagus upper GI malignancy

A

1) squamous carcinoma

2) adenocarcinoma (Barrett’s)

20
Q

Stomach upper GI malignancy

A

1) adenocarcinoma

2) GI stromal tumours

21
Q

Small bowel upper GI malignancy

A

1) lymphoma
2) GI stromal tumours
3) neuroendocrine tumours

22
Q

What is oesophageal carcinoma?

A

squamous cell carcinoma
adults of 45, male
5 year survival of 9%

23
Q

Risk factors of oesophageal carcinoma?

A

alcohol, tobacco, injury, achalasia

24
Q

Late symptoms of oesophageal carcinoma are?

A

dysphagia, weight loss

25
Q

What is oesophageal adenocarcinoma?

A

dysplastic change in Barrett’s oesophageal

26
Q

Symptoms of oesophageal adenocarcinoma?

A

dysphagia, weight loss, hematemesis, chest pain and viting

27
Q

What is adenocarcinomas of the stomach

A

90% of gastric malignancies

28
Q

Symptoms of adenocarcinomas of the stomach?

A

weight loss, anorexia, anaemia, haemorrhage

Fungating exophytic growth

29
Q

What is small bowel neoplasia?

A

rare compared to other GI malignancy

types
adenocarcinoma, GI stromal tumour, lymphoma, carcinoid tumour

30
Q

Risk factors of small bowel neoplasia

A

Chron’s, coeliac, radiation, hereditary GI cancer

31
Q

What is Coeliac disease

A

gluten sensitivity
autoimmune disease causes inflammation of the bowel
can develop cancer as result, if cells are damaged

32
Q

Symptoms of coeliac disease

A 
pain and discomfort
chronic constipation and diarrhoea 
failure to thrive 
anaemia 
fatigue

increased risk of both adenocarcinoma and lymphoma f the small bowel

Year 2 Pathology (19 decks)

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