The Urinary System and the Male Genital Tract

Question 1

UTI’s

Answer 1

Elderly population 
Common in female
Pregnancy 
Diabetes 
Catheters or stones

Question 2

Most common organism causing UTI

Answer 2

E.coli

Staphlococcus, proteus and klebsiella

Question 3

Types of UTI’s

Answer 3

Cystitis
Pyelonephritis
Prostatitis

Question 4

Symptoms of cystitis

Answer 4

frequency, dysuria, urgency, haematuria and suprapubic pain

Question 5

Symptoms of pyelonephritis

Answer 5

high fever, rigors, vomiting, loin pain and tenderness

Question 6

Symptoms of prostatitis

Answer 6

flu-like symptoms, few urinary symptoms, and a swollen ender prostate on PR

Question 7

Management of uti

Answer 7

Drink plenty of fluids
Antibiotics
Ultra sound
Hospital admission

Question 8

Renin

Answer 8

help control bp

Question 9

Erythropoietin

Answer 9

stimulates production of RBC’s in he bone marrow and helps productions of Vit D

Question 10

Acute renal failure

Answer 10

deterioration in renal function occurring over ours or days

Low urine vol

rising plasma urea and creatinine levels

Question 11

Pre-renal

Answer 11

hypo perfusion, sepsis

Question 12

Renal

Answer 12

ATN damage to tubules due to ischaemia or nephrotoxins

Question 13

Post renal

Answer 13

Renal tract obstruction

Question 14

Management of Acute Renal Failure

Answer 14

Find and treat cause
Suitable drugs for kidney
Stop nephrotoxic drugs (NASID, ACE-I)
Renal replacement

Question 15

Chronic Renal Failure

Answer 15

Occurs over years

classified into 5 stages depending of glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

GFR is the vol of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule per unit time

Symptoms by stage 4

Question 16

Common causes of chronic renal failure

Answer 16

Glomerulonephritis 
Diabetes **
Renovascular disease
Hypertension **
Polycystic disease

Question 17

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 17

Damage t glomerular filtration apparatus
This could cause leak of protein or blood into the urine
Usually there is a disposition of immune complexes in part of the nephron

Question 18

Kindey Stones

Answer 18

Crystal aggregates that form in the collecting ducts of the kidneys and can deposit anywhere in the renal tract

Question 19

Risk factors of kidney stones

Answer 19

Dehydration
Diet
Drugs
Renal tract abnormalities 
Recurrent UTI 
Metabolic abnormalities

Question 20

Renal cell carcinoma

Answer 20

85% of all renal cancers
ages 50-70 years

causes
smoking
hypertension 
asbestos 
hereditary

Question 21

Symptoms of renal cancer

Answer 21

haematuria
loin pain
abdominal ass
paraneoplastic syndrome

Question 22

Treatment for renal cancer

Answer 22

Radical nephrectomy +/- chemo

Question 23

What is transitional cell carcinoma?

Answer 23

common malignant condition