Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Pathology > Disorders of Growth > Flashcards

Disorders of Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasm

A

abnormal mass of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neoplasia

A

process by which neoplasm is formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tumour

A

means swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primary tumour

A

malignant tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Secondary tumour

A

offspring of main tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Spread of malignant tumours

A

Local > direct invasion

Distant > via lymp nodes, blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Metastasis means

A

spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Routes of metastasis

A
  • lymphatics
  • blood
  • transcoelomic
  • along epithelial lined spaces
  • within epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Classification

A 
behavior, benign or malignant
appearance
histological
histogenesis 
aetiological, environmental or inheritance 
functional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Grows by expansions, displacing adjacent tissue

A

Benign tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

infiltration of local tissues and spreads to other parts of the body

A

Malignant tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Metastasis via lymphatics

A

directly invades lymphatics
emboli filtered out then grows lymph nodes
typical of epithelial malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Metastasis via blood

A

directly invades blood vessels
emboli filtered out by capillary bed eg liver, lung
stromal malignancy, later stages of epithelial malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Metastasis via transcoelomic

A

peritoneal pleural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metastasis via epithelial lined spaces

A

-bronchiole alveolar carcinoma of lung

mass forms tumour takes up alveoli’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Metastasis via epithelium

A

Paget’s disease of the nipple, vulva and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 Malignant tumours

A

Cancer
Carcinoma - of epithelial tissue (stomach or liver)
Sarcoma - stromal tissue

18
Q

Adenoma
Papilloma
Cystadenoma
are examples of..

A

Benign epithelial tumours

19
Q

-oma if..

A

Benign

20
Q

-sarcoma if

A

Malignant

21
Q

Carcinomas

A

is a type of cancer that develops from epithelial cells

22
Q

Lymph nodes
Liver: GIT carcinomas, GUS, bronchus, breast
Lung: sarcoma, carcinomas of thyroid, breast, kidney, bronchus
Bone: carcinoma of breast, thyroid, bronchus, prostate, uterus
Brain: carcinoma of bronchus
Endocrines: carcinoma of bronchus often goes to adrenals
Skin: malignant melanoma; clear cell carcinoma of kidney

A

sites of metastases

23
Q

Melanoma

A

a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes.

typically occur in the skin but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye.

24
Q

Leukaemia

A

neoplastic proliferation of haemopoietic stem cells

neoplastic cells spill over into the blood stream

all regarded as malignant!

25
Q

Lymphoma

A

malignant proliferation of cells of lymphoid tissue

  • Hodgkin’s disease
  • Non-hodgkins lymphoma
26
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma disease

A

mixture of cells, including reed-sternberg cells

cancer which develops in the lymphatic system

27
Q

Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Lacks cellular mixture of hodgkin’s disease

The affected lymphocytes start to multiply in an abnormal way and begin to collect in certain parts of the lymphatic system, such as the lymph nodes.

The affected lymphocytes lose their infection-fighting properties, making you more vulnerable to infection.

28
Q

A tumour with tissue or organ components resembling normal derivatives of more than one germ cell layer is what cancer..

A

Teratoma

arises from totipotential cells

29
Q

Teratoma

A

Ovary (benign)
Testes (malignant)
Midline

30
Q

How bad it looks?

A

grading

31
Q

How far its got?

A

staging

32
Q

Staging is only relevant for …

A

malignant tumours

33
Q

T =

A

size of tumour (t1-t4)

34
Q

N =

A

extent of lymph node involvement (N0 to N3)

35
Q

M =

A

distant metastasis (M0 to M1)

36
Q

Effects of benign tumours

A

mechanical pressure
obstruction
ulceration

infraction of pedunculated tumour
infection
rupture of cystic neoplasm
hormone production

37
Q

Effects of malignant tumours

A

tissue destruction
haemorrhage

secondary infection
cachexia, wight loss

38
Q

Case study

women with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus present with a 46lb weight loss over 1 year

A

Cachexia

39
Q

pain
anaemia, haemorrhage, bone marrow replacement, haemolysis
Paraneoplastic syndromes

A

more effects of malignant tumours

40
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

caused by epidermal growth factor analogue

paraneoplastic syndrome

41
Q 
Finger clubbing 
Acanthosis nigricans
Nephrotic syndrome 
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoaarthropathy 
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocardis
A

paraneoplastic syndrome

Year 2 Pathology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions