CNS - dementia, epilepsy, brain infections, parkinsons, tumours Flashcards
1
Q
Detecting Dementia
A
TSH - enurse thyroid function
CT scan
2
Q
Alzheimers Disease
A
Leads to defects of
- visual
- spatial skill (gets lost)
- memory loss
- decreasing cognition
- ansognosia (lack of awarness)
3
Q
‘plaque and tangle’
A
terms of alzheimers disease under microscope
4
Q
Treatment for Alzheimers Disease
A
- MDT approach
- Cholinelerase inhibitors - slow down progression
5
Q
What is Epilespy?
A
A recurrent tendency to spontaneous intermittent abnormal electical activity in part of the brain, manifest as seizures
6
Q
Types of seizures
A
- focal twitching
- tranc-like (absent)
- convulsion
7
Q
Causes of seizures
A
- No identified cause
- strokes
- alcohol withdrawal
8
Q
Diagnosis of seizures
A
- Good history taking
- Exlcude structural abnormality
- EEG
- Any possible triggers? lights, tv
9
Q
Managment of seizures
A
- depends on seizure type
- drugs have serious side effects - need monitoring reg
- drugs dangerous during pregnancy
10
Q
Infections on the brain
A
- Diffuse infection - eg meningitis
- Focal infection - eg abcess
11
Q
Meningitis - infection on the brain
A
- Bacterial - neisseria meningitidis and pneumococcus
- Viral - less severe
- Fungal - rare
12
Q
Presentations of Meningitis
A
Early:
Headache, colds hands and feet, pyrexial (raised temp)
Late:
Necky stiffness, photophobia, Kernigs signs, non-blaching rash, seizures
13
Q
Brain Abscess
A
- focal infection
- focal brain daage or mass effect
- presents with headaches, seizures, temp
- ‘ring enhancing lesion
14
Q
Brain abcess can spread via
A
Blood:
- Embolus from bacterial endocarditis
- IV drug users
Direct:
- from infected inner ear
15
Q
Parkinson’s disease
A
Occurs in the Substantia nigra
- Rigidity
- Bradykinesis
- Resting tremor
- Postural instability
Treamtent:
- MDT approach
- Anticholinergc drugs
