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Year 2 Pathology > Heart and blood vessels > Flashcards

Heart and blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Atheroma is a

A

build up of fatty material on the inside wall of an artery

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2
Q

Atheroma can turn into

A

Atherosclerosis

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3
Q

Atherosclerosis is

A

the progressive narrowing and hardening within an artery, could result in complete blockage

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4
Q

Development of atheroma

A

initiated by chronic injury to the endothelium resulting in chronic inflammation

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5
Q

Causes of atheroma

A

Hyperlipidaemia, high fat
Disturbed flow
Smoking
Hypertension

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6
Q

Where can atheroma occur?

A

In any artery

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7
Q

Atheroma in coronary artery

A

heart attack
angina
ischaemic heart disease

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8
Q

Atheroma in Aorta

A

aneurysm due to weakening of the wall

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9
Q

Atheroma in carotid

A

narrowing causing strokes

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10
Q

Plaque rupture

A

risk of bleeding

haemorrhage

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11
Q

Aetiology is an

A

imbalance between supply and demand of the heart for oxygenated blood

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12
Q

Case study

male, history of hypertension, sudden onset of dysphasia, left arm and leg weakness
had similar episode 2 weeks ago but only lasted 1 minute

A

dysphasia = abnormal speech

cerebral infarction (stoke)

had mini stroke TIA 2 weeks ago symptoms recover in 24 hrs

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13
Q

Case study

male, ex smoker, serve pain in legs when walking, has number of infected ulcers in his feet and lower legs requiring antibiotics

A

Peripheral Vascular Disease

next stage = removal of legs

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14
Q

Case study

male, type 2 diabetes, 30 min crushing feeling in chest

A

Myocardial infarct

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15
Q

Other presentations of atheroma

A

Bowel ischaemia.. blood supply to bowl has been blocked, dead part of bowel can be removed

Renal artery stenosis

Emboli

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16
Q

Treatment for atheroma

A

Revascularisation

Secondary prevention

17
Q

Cause of ischemic heart disease

A

decrease of flow of oxygenated blood
increase of demand for oxygen

90% are caused by atherosclerotic obstruction of coronary arteries, coronary artery disease

18
Q

Risk factors of ischemic heart disease

A

Family history
Ages
Male sex
Genetic factors

Hyperlipidaemia
Smoking
Hypertension
Diabetes
Lack of exercise 
Obesity 
Alcohol
19
Q

Signs and symptoms of ischemic heart disease

A 
Chest pain, central, crushing, radiating to left arm into jaw
Shortness of breath 
Palpitations 
Syncope, fainting
Nauseous, sweeting pale
20
Q

Clinical presentation

A

Stable angina, unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI total blockage, sudden death

Year 2 Pathology (19 decks)

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