Neoplastic Disease Flashcards
Lung tumours
Benign and malignant
- vast majority are carcinomas (arising from lining epithelium)
- 5% are bronchial carinoids
- 2-5% are mesenchymal an other miscellaneous neoplasm including sarcomas and lymphomas
Carcinomas
- arising from lining epithelium
Bronchial carcinoids
- neuroendocrine
Risk factors
Smoking
Family history
Immunodeficiency
Industrial hazards
Clinical details
cough weight loss chest pain dyspnoea SOB metastases
some present with symptoms of metastases
- local extension of tuour within plural cavity to pericardium
- spread to tracheal, bronchial, and mediastinal nodes
- most common distant spread adrenals, liver, brain and bone
Paraneoplastic syndromes
ectopic hormone secretion by tumour
Lung carcinoma staging..
'T' = primary tumour size/degree of invasion 'N' = lymph nodes positive or not 'M' = distant metastases or not
Small cell carcinoma has a strong relationship to
smoking
where do small cell carcinoma occur
- in bronchi and at periphery
- invade bronchial wall and parenchyma, early lymphatic and blood borne spread
treatment for small cell carcinoma
chemotherapy
incurable by surgery
Squamous cell carcinomas is more common in
men
90% of cases are smokers
squamous cell carcinoma usually arises from
bronchi
well differentiated resembles stratified squamous epithelium characterised by keratin formation and intercellular bridges
squamous cell carcinomas
Most common in women and non-smokers
adenocarcinomas
