Neoplastic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Lung tumours

A

Benign and malignant

  • vast majority are carcinomas (arising from lining epithelium)
  • 5% are bronchial carinoids
  • 2-5% are mesenchymal an other miscellaneous neoplasm including sarcomas and lymphomas
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2
Q

Carcinomas

A
  • arising from lining epithelium
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3
Q

Bronchial carcinoids

A
  • neuroendocrine
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4
Q

Risk factors

A

Smoking
Family history
Immunodeficiency
Industrial hazards

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5
Q

Clinical details

A
cough 
weight loss
chest pain
dyspnoea SOB
metastases
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6
Q

some present with symptoms of metastases

A
  • local extension of tuour within plural cavity to pericardium
  • spread to tracheal, bronchial, and mediastinal nodes
  • most common distant spread adrenals, liver, brain and bone
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7
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes

A

ectopic hormone secretion by tumour

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8
Q

Lung carcinoma staging..

A
'T' = primary tumour size/degree of invasion
'N' = lymph nodes positive or not
'M' = distant metastases or not
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9
Q

Small cell carcinoma has a strong relationship to

A

smoking

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10
Q

where do small cell carcinoma occur

A
  • in bronchi and at periphery

- invade bronchial wall and parenchyma, early lymphatic and blood borne spread

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11
Q

treatment for small cell carcinoma

A

chemotherapy

incurable by surgery

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12
Q

Squamous cell carcinomas is more common in

A

men

90% of cases are smokers

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13
Q

squamous cell carcinoma usually arises from

A

bronchi

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14
Q

well differentiated resembles stratified squamous epithelium characterised by keratin formation and intercellular bridges

A

squamous cell carcinomas

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15
Q

Most common in women and non-smokers

A

adenocarcinomas

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16
Q

Adenocarcinomas tend to be located

A

peripherally

17
Q

adenocarcinomas grow more slowly than squamous cell carcinomas but tend to..

A

metastasises widely and earlier

18
Q

peripheral adenocarcinomas are sometimes associated with

A

areas of scarring

eg TB

19
Q

Large cell carcinoma

A

malignant epithelial tumour

20
Q

Lung metastases

A

arrive by blood, lymphatics, direct continuity

multiply descrete nodules

21
Q

Common primary sites of lung metastases are

A

bowel
prostate
breast
kidney

22
Q

Malignant mesothelioma is common with people

A

who exposed to asbestos

23
Q

Malignant mesothelioma

A

diffuse lesion that spreads widely in the pleural space

24
Q

Malignant mesothelioma arses

A

in lung, peritoneum, pericardium and genital tract