updated urological problems Flashcards
what is asymptomatic bacteriuria ?
infection in urine in an asymptomatic patient
what is an uncomplicated UTI ?
symptomatic infection that occurs in a premenopausal woman with no anatomical abnormality of the urinary tract and is not pregnant with no sig comorbidity
what is a complicated UTI ?
is a symptomatic infection with a functional or structural urinary abnormality
infection of the kidney and the ureter ?
pyelonephritiis
urinary bladder infection ?
cystitis
infection involving urethra ?
urethritis
most common causative organism in UTIs
e.coli
what are the predisposing factors to UTI ?
pregnancy
females
previous UTI
immunocompromised
diabetic
abnormality in the urriinary tract
intrumentation
sexual intercoourse
spermiciddes
what does nephrolithiasis mean ?
kidney stones
what is the presentation of ureteric stone ?
sudden onset of extremely painful colicky pain
from loin to groin
what is the gold standard for the diagnosis of kidney stones ?
non contrast CT
what is the treatment for kidney stones ?
NSAIDs
IV fluids
lithotripsy
ureteral endoscopy
most common types of kidney stones ?
calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
how can you differentiate between pyelonephritis and cystitis ?
pyelonephritis - flank pain tenderness, fever and vomiting due to hematogenous route infection
cystitis - suprapubic tenderness, not commonly associated with nausea and vomiting ascending infection
what is the treatment for uncomplicated cystitis ?
trimethoprim
Or
nitrofurantoin
what is the treatment for uncomplicated cystitis in pregnant women ?
nitrofurantoin
or
cephalexin
or
trimethoprim
when can trimethoprim be used for pregnant women with cystitis ?
only in the 2nd and 3rd trimester 9 effects folic acid levels if used in 1st trimester )
whatt is the treatmeent for pyelonephritis ?
fluoroquinolones
or
third generation cephalosporins IV then PO
what is the treatment for pyelonephritis in pregnant women ?
ceftriaxone IV
orr
cefotaxime IV
or
ampicillin IV and gentamicin IV
which type of patients are more prone to get candida albicans infection?
immunocompromised patients e.g diabetics
what is the management of a candida albicans infection in a diabetic patient ?
improve the immune status of the patient and improve glycemic control
flucanzole
what is the management for asymptomatic bacteriuria ?
should not be treated unless in a pregnant woman or in a patient with catheter inserted
when should cathetr related bacteriuria be treated ?
if there is significant local symptoms or systemic upset
remove the catheter whenever possible
