traumatic brain injury Flashcards
what are the clinical signs of brain tumors ?
focal neurological deficits
epilepsy
signs of increased intracranial pressure
hydrocephalus
what are some of the effects of raised intracranial pressure ?
oedema
hydrocephalus
vascular insufficiency
herniation
what are the most common primary intrinsic brain tumors ?
gliomas
where do meningiomas arise from ?
meningiothelial cells ( arachnoid cells )
what are the two main types of nerve sheath tumors ?
neurofibroma and schwannoma
where is the most common place of tumor metastasis ?
lungs
breasts
what are the types of cerebral trauma ?
missile
non missile
what is the distribution of the lesion divided into ?
focal and diffuse
what is the mechanism of brain damage in trauma ?
contact damage
acceleration/deceleration injuries
shearing forces on bridging veins
distortion injuries on axons
what are cerebral contusions ?
superficial bruises on the brain , occur at the point of impact
what are the types of intracranial haemorrhages ?
extradural haemorrhages
subdural haemorrhages
subarachnoid haemorrhages
how can ischaemic post trauma happen ?
due to hypoxia
or as a result of brain swelling (compression on cerebral vessels)
what is diffuse axonal injury usually caused by ?
acceleration injuries
