Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ICC3 > glomerulonephritis > Flashcards

glomerulonephritis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the hallmark of glomerulonephritis ?

A

excretion of protein in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the clinical presentation of glomerular disease ?

A 
.asymptomatic 
.macroscopic heamturia 
.nephrotic syndrome 
.nephritic syndrome 
.rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 
.chronic glomerulonephritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the pathophysiological classification of glomerular disease ?

A
  1. immune mediated
  2. protein deposition
  3. Miscellaneous ( drug induced, inherited)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when do we consider glomerular disease in aetiology ?

A 
presenting with hypertension 
edema 
proteinuria 
hematuria 
AKI 
CKD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the primary nephritic syndrome glomerular pathologies ?

A
  • immunoglobulin A Nephropathy
  • anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
  • thin basement membrane nephropathy ( Alport Syndrome )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is nephritic syndrome ?

A

presence of hematuria, accompanied by RBC casts

oliguria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the secondary nephritic syndrome glomerular pathologies ?

A
  • Lupus nephritis
  • membrenoproliferative GN
  • post infectious GN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the onset of nephritic syndrome in children with PIGN ? and what is the most common causative organism ?

A

onset is after infection

and is predominantly streptococcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the onset of nephritic syndrome in adults with PIGN and the most common causative organism ?

A

onset is during the ongoing infection and it is more likely to be staphylococcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where id the site of infection in children with PIGN ?

A

pharyngitis

skin as with impetigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the other name for Immunoglobulin A nephropathy?

A

Berger’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis ?

A

IgA nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the diagnostic measure taken for IgA nephropathy ?

A

immunofluorescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do patients with IgA present with ?

A

usually macroscopic hematuria in v late stages the disease can shift to nephrotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can IgAN happen ?

A

can occur with upper respiratory tract infections as a site of entry
may also be associated with alcoholic liver cirrohsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which causative organism can cause severe IgAN ?

A

s.aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when can nephrotic proteinuria occur in IgAN ?

A
  • early in the disease course if IgAN + minimal change disease
  • late if it is 2ry too glomerular scarring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the secondary causes of IgAN ?

A

rheumatic/autoimmune disease
GIT/liver disease
Infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the treatment approach for IgAN

A

give ARBs
immunosuppression
corticosteroids - predinsolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the criteria for diagnosing Lupus nephritis ?

A 
mala rash 
discoid rashes 
photosensitivity 
oral ulcers 
arthritis
serositis 
kidney disorder
Anti-dsDNA 
ANA
neurological, haematological or immunological disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the treatment options for lupus nephritis ?

A

IV steroids

RAAS blockade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the most common causes of membrenoproliferative GN

A

hepatits C virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the old classification for MBP GN?

A

type I : IC deposits in the mesangium and sub endothelial space
type II : continuous, dense ribbon-like deposits in GBM
dense deposit disease
type III : sub endothelial and sub epithelial IC deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the new classification of MPGN?

A
  • positive for both IG and complement
  • positive for complement
  • no immunofluroscense (negative for both)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is another name for granulomatosis with polyangitis ?

A

wegner’s granulomatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the presenting symptoms of GPA ?

A

history of recurrent sinusitis
hemoptysis
heamturia
severe AKI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the lab findings in GPA ?

A

cANCA +ve

crescents found in renal biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the treatment for Wegner’s granulomatosis ?

A

Steroids
cyclosporine
plasmapheresis may be required

29
Q

what is churg-strauss syndrome ?

A

a type of vasculitis

30
Q

what is the other name for churg-stauss syndrome ?

A

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

31
Q

what is the clinical presentation of Churg-stauss syndrome

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis ?

A

-similar presentation to GPA/Wegner’s disease
-significant allergic/asthmatic features
the triad consists of :
hypereosinophilia
asthma
pulmonary infiltrates

32
Q

what is a crucial symptom for diagnosis of Churg-stauss syndrome ?

A

Asthma is a must for diagnosis

33
Q

what are the lab findings in Churg-strauss syndrome ?

A

pANCA positive

renal biopsy shows granuloma and eosinophils

34
Q

what is the treatment for Churg-strauss ?

A

steroids cyclosporine

35
Q

what is the pathogenesis of anti glomerular basement membrane disease ?

A

antibodies are found for type 4 collagen , and is limited to the lungs and kidney

36
Q

what other syndrome is associated with Anti-GBM GN ?

A

Good Pastures disease

37
Q

what is the clinical presentation of Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

A
  • alveolar haemorrhages and severe anuric AKI

- No skin or GIT involvement

38
Q

what are the lab investigations for anti-glomerular disease?

A
  • Check Anti-GBM Abs’ levels.

* Bx: Immunofluroscense : +ve Anti-GBM Abs

39
Q

what is the treatment for anti-glomerular disease ?

A

pulse steroids +cyclosporine
plasmapheresis
relapses are rare

40
Q

what is polyarteritis noda PAN ?

A
  • medium vessel vasculitis
  • multi system involvement except the lungs
  • more common in hepatitis B virus patients
41
Q

what is the common presentation of PAN ?

A
  • hepatits B patient complaining of abdominal pain, fatigue and weight loss
  • postprandial abdominal pain
  • livedo reticularis
42
Q

what are the lab findings in PAN ?

A

anemia
raised ESR
raised CRP

43
Q

what is the treatment for PAN?

A

steroids

cyclosporine

44
Q

what are examples of thrombotic microangiopathies?

A
  • thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP)

- Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

45
Q

what is the characteristic triad of HUS ?

A

hemolytic anemia
Uremia
Thrombocytopenia

46
Q

what is the characteristic pentad of TTP?

A 
hemolytic anemia 
thrombocytopenia 
uremia 
fever 
CNS changes
47
Q

what type of cells would we find in a peripheral blood smear of TTP/HUS ?

A

schistocytosis

48
Q

what are the biopsy findings in TTP/HUS?

A

small thrombi within glomerular capillary loops

49
Q

what is important to take into consideration when treating TTP/HUS ?

A
  • DO NOT give PLATELET transfusion.

- DO NOT give Antibiotics.

50
Q

what are the types of cryoglobulinemia ?

A

type I: Multiple myeloma
type II: HCV
Type III: SLE , rheumatoid arth

51
Q

what is the common clinical presentation of cryoglobulinemia ?

A

HCV patient with joint pain and rash

52
Q

what would the lab finding of cryoglobulinemia be ?

A

serum cryoglobulins
rheumatoid factor
low complements

53
Q

what is Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

A

a type of vasculitis commonly found in children

54
Q

what are the findings in Henoch-Schonlein Purpura ?

A

purpura of the extremities
arthritis
colicky abdominal pain

55
Q

what is nephrotic syndrome ?

A
  • protein excretion of more than 3.5mg
  • hypoalbuminemia
  • hypercholesterolemia
  • peripheral edema
56
Q

what is classified under secondary nephrotic syndrome?

A

diabetic nephropathy

renal amyloidosis

57
Q

what are the diagnostic workup for glomerular disease?

A

determine patients GFR
urinalysis
quantify proteinuria
Renal US

58
Q

what are some additional lab investigations to consider ?

A 
hepatitis panel 
HIV testing 
complement levels
RF
cryoglobulins 
ANA 
ANCA 
Anti-GBM
59
Q

what are the complications of nephrotic syndrome ?

A
  1. Negative Nitrogen Balance
  2. Hypercoaguability
  3. Lipid Abnormalities
  4. Infections
  5. AKI
  6. CKD
  7. Peripheral edema
  8. Hypercholesteremia
  9. Anemia
60
Q

what is classified under primary nephrotic syndrome glomerular pathology ?

A
  • Minimal change nephrotic syndrome
  • membranous nephropathy
  • focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
61
Q

what is the main cause of nephrotic syndrome?

A

minimal change disease

62
Q

response of MCD to therapy ?

A

almost always steroid sensitive

63
Q

what does the renal biopsy show in kids with steroid resistant NS?

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

64
Q

what are the causes of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?

A

-familial/genetic
-virus associated
( HIV patient , parvovirus )
-drug induced

65
Q

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in noon DM adults ?

A

Membranous glomerulopathy

66
Q

what is alport’s syndrome?

A

a rare x-linked dominant disease with a type 4 collagen abnormality

67
Q

what is the typical presentation ?

A

a young patient who is deaf or has some form of ocular defects

68
Q

what is the prognosis of alports syndrome ?

A

no cure , ultimate progression to end stage renal disease

ICC3 (66 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions