Unit Two Sacrum And Pelvis Flashcards
The sacrum is located where
The base of the spine
How many segments in the sacrum
5 fused segments
What is the shape of the sacrum
Inverted triangle
Describe the shape of the sacrum
Concave to the anterior and positioned so the base is more anterior than the apex
What body is the base of the sacrum
S1
Where is the widest portion of the sacrum
From left to right
Sacral alae AKA
Lateral sacral masses
What is the sacral promontory
The base of the sacrum
Superior articular process of the sacrum articulates with what
The last lumbar normally the L5
The facets of the sacrum face
Coronary (front to back) than sagittally (left or right)
When do the sacral vertebrae fuse fully
At age 30
Characteristics of the female sacrum
Shorter, wider and more curved
The sacral canal is a continuation of the
Vertebral canal
Sacral vertebrae connect the spine to what
The pelvic girdle at the sacroiliac joint
The auricular or the articular surface of the sacrum is also the
Lateral surface
What joint is at the articular surface of the sacrum
SI joint
Where is the sacral tuberosity on the sacrum
A rough prominence on the lateral surface of the sacrum posterior to the articular surface
What attaches to the sacral tuberosity of the sacrum
Posteriorsacroiliac ligaments
What is the lateral inferior angle of the sacrum
Lateral aspect of the last two segments
Where is the rough surface of the sacrum located
Posterior
Where is the superior articular process located on the sacrum
Posterior
Where is the medians sacral crest located on the sacrum
Posterior
Where are the sacral grooves located on the sacrum
Posterior
Where are the articular (intermediates) sacral crest located on the sacrum
Posterior
How many posterior sacral foramina
8 individual which is four pairs
What is analogous to the TVP on the sacrum
Lateral sacral crest
What is the only normally (naturally) occurring spina bifida in the vertebral column
Sacral hiatus
What is the last pair of articular processes in the sacrum
Sacral cornua
Describe male pelvis
Sacrum is narrow but longer, oriented vertically, lumbosacral angle decreased
Describe female pelvis
Sacrum is wider and shorter, oriented horizontally, lumbosacral angle increased, anterior surface more curved
What does Qangle mean
Quadriceps angle
What sex has a larger Q angle
Female
How many fused segments in a coccyx
4
What type of ossification in a coccyx
Primary center of ossification
How does the coccyx segment form
Develop one every five years
When do the segments of the coccyx fuse completely together
Between ages 25 and 30
When is the last segment formed of the coccyx
Age 20
Shape of coccyx
Triangle
Describe the shape of the SI joint
Inverted L or C shape
The articular capsule of the SI joint is located where
Anterior surface
What attaches to the posterior aspect of the SI joint
Only ligaments and muscles
Where is the nerve supply of the SI joints
S1 and S2 segments
What may be responsible for 50% of all low back pain
SI joint
What is the movement of the SI joint
2 mm of 2 degrees of motion
How many different type of joints in the pelvic ring
5
What are the five joins in the pelvic ring
Lumbosacral zagapophyseal joints, anterior L/S joint (disc), coxal joint, SI joints, symphysis pubis
What is the total number of joints in the pelvic ring
8
Function of the movement of the SI joint is to convert the pelvis into a resilient accommodating receptacle that is essential to ease
Locomotion, weight bearing and shock absorption
Nutation means
To nod
What is nutation
Forward (anterior) movement of the sacral base with relationship to the ilium (SI joint), pelvis and lumbar vertebrae
What happens to the ilium in nutation
Comes together in posterior and widens in front
What is counter nutation
Sacral base moves posterior in relation to the ilium, pelvis and lumbar vertebrae
What happens to the ilium
Opens in the back and comes together in front
What is another type of movement of the ilium in regards to the sacrum
Rotator or figure 8
When does movement in the SI become a problem
When it sticks or becomes fixed or restricted this is known as subluxation
When does degeneration begins and mobility decreases of the SI joint
4th decade or 30’s
When does total fibrous degeneration occur and movement changes in the SI joint
8th decade or 70’s
Women appear to be more susceptible to SI joint problems than males because
Q angle or giving birth due to SI joints opening and closing
