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Spinal anatomy > Final!!! > Flashcards

Final!!! Flashcards

1
Q

Which cervical vertebra has the shortest TVP

A

C2

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2
Q

All are areas where the cruciate pigment attach except

A

Attach to each lateral masses of C1

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3
Q

The greatest amount of flexion and extension in the facet joints of the c spine occurs at which of the following areas

A

C5/C6

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4
Q

The most common disc herniations occur in the C spin at which specific spinal level

A

C5/6

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5
Q

What position causes the least amount of intradiscal pressure on the lumbar spine

A

Supine lying

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6
Q

The primary function of the facet joint is to

A

Provide for and limit movement of the vertebral segment

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7
Q

Afferent nerve fibers transmit what type of impulse

A

Sensory

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8
Q

Motion of the vertebra is around the three axis of rotation X, Y, Z which of the following motions of the movement around the y axis

A

Right and left rotation

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9
Q

Which of the following ligaments fills the interval between the laminae of adjacent vertebrae

A

Ligamentum flavum

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10
Q

When one axon of a nerve cell comes together with the dendrite of another nerve cell, they form a functional communication called a

A

Synapse

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11
Q

Observing the lateral X ray film you notice that there is an approximately 63% anterior slippage of L4 upon L5 vertebra. This translates into which of the following meyerding grades?

A

Grade 3

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12
Q

All are true regarding an upper motor neuron lesion except

A

A-reflexia

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13
Q

All are ligaments of the sacrococcygeal articulation except

A

Posterior sacroiliac ligament

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14
Q

All of the following are extrinsic muscles of the spine except

A

Splenius cervicis

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15
Q

All are true regarding a lower motor neuron lesion except

A

Involves the brain and spinal cord only

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16
Q

Which of the following arteries is located between the basilar artery and the posterior communicating artery in the circle of Willis

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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17
Q

All of the following are ligaments of the atlanto-occipital articulations except

A

Transverse ligament

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18
Q

Which cervical vertebra has the largest spinous process

A

C2

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19
Q

The ligamentum nuchae is best described as

A

Union of the supraspinous and interspinous ligament in the C region

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20
Q

The most medial muscle of the erector spinae group is the

A

Spinalis

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21
Q

All are true regarding the occiput except

A

Has an articulation with the epistropheus

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22
Q

Which of the following suboccipital muscles do not help form the suboccipital triangle

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor

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23
Q

The tripod theory of weight bearing states that a typical spinal vertebra will bear the compressive load of weight placed on the top of it by which of the following means

A

The two superior articular facets (processes) and the vertebral body with bear the weight

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24
Q

The major of the axons are enveloped in one or two coverings of phospholipids called

A

Myelin

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25
Q

What is the normal atlas dens interval for an adult

A

.5 mm to 3 mm

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26
Q

All are true regarding the posterior longitudinal ligament except

A

Runs from the occiput causally to the sacrum

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27
Q

What is the name of the area of the area of the end plate which has no cartilage

A

Apophyseal ring

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28
Q

What is the ligament that is a continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the upper cervical spine

A

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

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29
Q

The purpose of the uncinate process of the c spine is to

A

Prevent lateral slippage of vertebra above

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30
Q

Each of the following statements concerning the sacrum is correct except

A

It is composed of four fused vertebral segments in the adult

31
Q

During right lateral flexion of the lumbar spine, the spinous process of L3 moves in which direction

A

Right

32
Q

All are true regarding interneurons except

A

They are located on the dorsal root ganglion

33
Q

A disc bulge is described as involving which of the following

A

More than 50 percent of the total disc circumference

34
Q

The brachial plexus, subclavian artery and vein pass between which two muscles

A

Anterior and middle scalene

35
Q

Which lines of menus ration in the lumbar spine tells the doctor if the stress of the lumbar spine is more on the facets or on the disc

A

Fergusons weight bearing line

36
Q

Hanh’s venous cleft is the opening in the vertebral body for what structure

A

Basivertebral vein

37
Q

The major point of rotation of the C spine is which of the following?

A

Atlas rotating on the axis

38
Q

What is the continuation fo the ligamentum flavum in the C spine

A

Posterior atlanto occipital membrane

39
Q

All of the following are main arteries that supply the spinal cord except

A

Hemiazygous artery

40
Q

The posterior spinal arteries are branches of which arteries

A

Vertebral arteries

41
Q

When do the epiphyseal plates of the vertebral bodies close or fuse to the vertebral body

A

16 to 20

42
Q

The dorsal ramus innervates

A

Skin and deep muscles of the back and neck

43
Q

Which areas of the vertebra is the least reliable in palpation for a subluxation

A

Spinous process

44
Q

All are true regarding the anterior longitudinal ligament except

A

Is named the tectorial membrane in the upper cervical spine

45
Q

The atlas has how many articulations

A

5

46
Q

What line of measurement tells the doctor that there is an anterior slippage or a posterior slippage of one vertebra upon another

A

Georges line

47
Q

Which of the following range of motion is most pronounced in the lumbar spine

A

Flexion

48
Q

All of the following are true regarding the articular capsule (capsular ligament) of the vertebra except

A

Covers the posterior lateral part of the Z joints, has 3 basic parts consisting of nervous, vascular and synovial layers, the articular capsule is stressed the most in rotation. All are TRUE

49
Q

The zygopophysis of a typical thoracic vertebra is angled at what degree to the horizontal plane

A

60 degrees

50
Q

The most common disc herniation to occur in the lumbar region is at what level

A

L4-L5 or L5 S1

51
Q

Which of the following is associated with the term costal facets

A

Thoracic vertebra

52
Q

What two ligaments in the lumbo sacral region replace the intertransverse ligaments of the thoracic and lumbar spine

A

Lumbosacral and iliolumbar ligament

53
Q

All is true regarding the fovea dentalis except

A

Is an indentation on the body of the C2 vertebrae

54
Q

All are true regarding the sacral plexus except

A

L2 through L4 branches combines to form the femoral nerve

55
Q

Which of the following best describe the nerve supply to the multifidus, rotatores longi and rotatores brevis

A

Dorsal primary division of the spinal cord

56
Q

True ribs articulate with the vertebrae at which two places

A

Costocoporeal and costotransverse articulation

57
Q

What are sharpey’s fibers

A

Fibrous part of the annulus fibrosis that attaches to the end plate

58
Q

What anatomical part of the vertebra makes up the floor of the IVF

A

Inferior notch of the vertebra

59
Q

What is the purpose of the alar ligament

A

Attach to the superior lateral margins of the dens and limit rotation of the skull to the opposite side

60
Q

All are classes or types within the spinal column except

A

Sutures

61
Q

All are true regarding the intervertebral discs except

A

Made up of fibrocartilage,makes up 25% of the spinal column, largest avascular structures in the body, all are TRUE

62
Q

How many articulations does the T10 vertebral segment have

A

10

63
Q

The uncinate processes are characteristic of what are of the vertebral column

A

Cervical vertebra

64
Q

If the plump line lies posterior to the external auditory meatus, the patient has

A

Anterior head carriage

65
Q

In general the inferior facets of the lumbar face which way

A

90 degrees to the horizontal plane and rotated 45 degrees laterally to the vertical plane

66
Q

Which ligament are primarily responsible for chronic whiplash symptoms, especially post traumatic headaches

A

Alar ligament

67
Q

All is true regarding a lateral disc herniation except

A

It is less common than a central disc herniation

68
Q

There are how many pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

69
Q

The central nervous system is

A

Made up of brain and spinal cord

70
Q

The lumbar vertebral segments allow for the least amount of what type of range of motion

A

Rotation

71
Q

Which of the following ligaments is analogous to the ligamentum flavum

A

Posterior atlantoocipital ligament

72
Q

All are ligaments of the atlanto-axial articulation except

A

Transverse ligament of Atlas, anterior atlantoaxial ligament, posterior Atalantoacial ligament, all of them are part of this articulation!

73
Q

What is the definition of symphysis

A

2 bony surfaces connected by a disc or fibrocartilage

74
Q

When one axon of a nerve cell comes together with the dendrite of another nerve cell, they form a functional communication called a

A

Synapse

Spinal anatomy (18 decks)

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