Final!!! Flashcards
Which cervical vertebra has the shortest TVP
C2
All are areas where the cruciate pigment attach except
Attach to each lateral masses of C1
The greatest amount of flexion and extension in the facet joints of the c spine occurs at which of the following areas
C5/C6
The most common disc herniations occur in the C spin at which specific spinal level
C5/6
What position causes the least amount of intradiscal pressure on the lumbar spine
Supine lying
The primary function of the facet joint is to
Provide for and limit movement of the vertebral segment
Afferent nerve fibers transmit what type of impulse
Sensory
Motion of the vertebra is around the three axis of rotation X, Y, Z which of the following motions of the movement around the y axis
Right and left rotation
Which of the following ligaments fills the interval between the laminae of adjacent vertebrae
Ligamentum flavum
When one axon of a nerve cell comes together with the dendrite of another nerve cell, they form a functional communication called a
Synapse
Observing the lateral X ray film you notice that there is an approximately 63% anterior slippage of L4 upon L5 vertebra. This translates into which of the following meyerding grades?
Grade 3
All are true regarding an upper motor neuron lesion except
A-reflexia
All are ligaments of the sacrococcygeal articulation except
Posterior sacroiliac ligament
All of the following are extrinsic muscles of the spine except
Splenius cervicis
All are true regarding a lower motor neuron lesion except
Involves the brain and spinal cord only
Which of the following arteries is located between the basilar artery and the posterior communicating artery in the circle of Willis
Posterior cerebral artery
All of the following are ligaments of the atlanto-occipital articulations except
Transverse ligament
Which cervical vertebra has the largest spinous process
C2
The ligamentum nuchae is best described as
Union of the supraspinous and interspinous ligament in the C region
The most medial muscle of the erector spinae group is the
Spinalis
All are true regarding the occiput except
Has an articulation with the epistropheus
Which of the following suboccipital muscles do not help form the suboccipital triangle
Rectus capitis posterior minor
The tripod theory of weight bearing states that a typical spinal vertebra will bear the compressive load of weight placed on the top of it by which of the following means
The two superior articular facets (processes) and the vertebral body with bear the weight
The major of the axons are enveloped in one or two coverings of phospholipids called
Myelin
What is the normal atlas dens interval for an adult
.5 mm to 3 mm
All are true regarding the posterior longitudinal ligament except
Runs from the occiput causally to the sacrum
What is the name of the area of the area of the end plate which has no cartilage
Apophyseal ring
What is the ligament that is a continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the upper cervical spine
Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
The purpose of the uncinate process of the c spine is to
Prevent lateral slippage of vertebra above
Each of the following statements concerning the sacrum is correct except
It is composed of four fused vertebral segments in the adult
During right lateral flexion of the lumbar spine, the spinous process of L3 moves in which direction
Right
All are true regarding interneurons except
They are located on the dorsal root ganglion
A disc bulge is described as involving which of the following
More than 50 percent of the total disc circumference
The brachial plexus, subclavian artery and vein pass between which two muscles
Anterior and middle scalene
Which lines of menus ration in the lumbar spine tells the doctor if the stress of the lumbar spine is more on the facets or on the disc
Fergusons weight bearing line
Hanh’s venous cleft is the opening in the vertebral body for what structure
Basivertebral vein
The major point of rotation of the C spine is which of the following?
Atlas rotating on the axis
What is the continuation fo the ligamentum flavum in the C spine
Posterior atlanto occipital membrane
All of the following are main arteries that supply the spinal cord except
Hemiazygous artery
The posterior spinal arteries are branches of which arteries
Vertebral arteries
When do the epiphyseal plates of the vertebral bodies close or fuse to the vertebral body
16 to 20
The dorsal ramus innervates
Skin and deep muscles of the back and neck
Which areas of the vertebra is the least reliable in palpation for a subluxation
Spinous process
All are true regarding the anterior longitudinal ligament except
Is named the tectorial membrane in the upper cervical spine
The atlas has how many articulations
5
What line of measurement tells the doctor that there is an anterior slippage or a posterior slippage of one vertebra upon another
Georges line
Which of the following range of motion is most pronounced in the lumbar spine
Flexion
All of the following are true regarding the articular capsule (capsular ligament) of the vertebra except
Covers the posterior lateral part of the Z joints, has 3 basic parts consisting of nervous, vascular and synovial layers, the articular capsule is stressed the most in rotation. All are TRUE
The zygopophysis of a typical thoracic vertebra is angled at what degree to the horizontal plane
60 degrees
The most common disc herniation to occur in the lumbar region is at what level
L4-L5 or L5 S1
Which of the following is associated with the term costal facets
Thoracic vertebra
What two ligaments in the lumbo sacral region replace the intertransverse ligaments of the thoracic and lumbar spine
Lumbosacral and iliolumbar ligament
All is true regarding the fovea dentalis except
Is an indentation on the body of the C2 vertebrae
All are true regarding the sacral plexus except
L2 through L4 branches combines to form the femoral nerve
Which of the following best describe the nerve supply to the multifidus, rotatores longi and rotatores brevis
Dorsal primary division of the spinal cord
True ribs articulate with the vertebrae at which two places
Costocoporeal and costotransverse articulation
What are sharpey’s fibers
Fibrous part of the annulus fibrosis that attaches to the end plate
What anatomical part of the vertebra makes up the floor of the IVF
Inferior notch of the vertebra
What is the purpose of the alar ligament
Attach to the superior lateral margins of the dens and limit rotation of the skull to the opposite side
All are classes or types within the spinal column except
Sutures
All are true regarding the intervertebral discs except
Made up of fibrocartilage,makes up 25% of the spinal column, largest avascular structures in the body, all are TRUE
How many articulations does the T10 vertebral segment have
10
The uncinate processes are characteristic of what are of the vertebral column
Cervical vertebra
If the plump line lies posterior to the external auditory meatus, the patient has
Anterior head carriage
In general the inferior facets of the lumbar face which way
90 degrees to the horizontal plane and rotated 45 degrees laterally to the vertical plane
Which ligament are primarily responsible for chronic whiplash symptoms, especially post traumatic headaches
Alar ligament
All is true regarding a lateral disc herniation except
It is less common than a central disc herniation
There are how many pairs of spinal nerves
31
The central nervous system is
Made up of brain and spinal cord
The lumbar vertebral segments allow for the least amount of what type of range of motion
Rotation
Which of the following ligaments is analogous to the ligamentum flavum
Posterior atlantoocipital ligament
All are ligaments of the atlanto-axial articulation except
Transverse ligament of Atlas, anterior atlantoaxial ligament, posterior Atalantoacial ligament, all of them are part of this articulation!
What is the definition of symphysis
2 bony surfaces connected by a disc or fibrocartilage
When one axon of a nerve cell comes together with the dendrite of another nerve cell, they form a functional communication called a
Synapse
