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Spinal anatomy > Curves Unit 2 test > Flashcards

Curves Unit 2 test Flashcards

1
Q

X-rays are like what of photographs

A

negatives

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2
Q

patient is placed between what during an Xray

A

camera (x-ray tube) and film (x-ray film )

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3
Q

what is radiopaque

A

the whiter the part of the x-ray, thicker or denser the structure

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4
Q

what is radiolucent

A

darker the part of the object, less dense

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5
Q

what are the five densities seen on an x ray

A

air, fat, water, bone, metal

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6
Q

what object is the most radiolucent

A

air

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7
Q

what object is the most radiopaque

A

metal

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8
Q

what are the different X-ray views

A

A to p, P to A, lateral, or oblique

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9
Q

a curve is

A

a normal anterior to posterior bending of the spinal column

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10
Q

curves add 10 times the

A

resistance to the axial compressive loads placed on the spine than a straight spine

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11
Q

what are the curves in the foot

A

longitudinal and transverse

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12
Q

pronation of foot

A

foot turn out

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13
Q

supination of foot

A

turn in

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14
Q

pronation or supination of the foot affects what else

A

knees, hips and spine

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15
Q

the names of the spinal curves were given by who

A

Galen, prince of physicians in 2nd century

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16
Q

what are the two types of curves in the spine

A

anterior and posterior

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17
Q

what is an anterior curve of the spine

A

apexes or has the convexity toward the anterior, concavity towards the back

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18
Q

the anterior curve AKA

A

lordotic

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19
Q

lordotic is primary or secondary

A

secondary

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20
Q

where is the lordotic curve

A

cervical and lumbar

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21
Q

lordotic is compensatory or accommodative curves

A

compensatory

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22
Q

what is the posterior curve of the spine

A

apexes or has the convexity towards the posterior

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23
Q

posterior curve AKA

A

kyphotic

24
Q

kyphotic is primary or secondary

A

primary

25
Q

kyphotic is compensatory or accommodative

A

accommodative

26
Q

where would you see a kyphotic curve

A

thoracic, sacrum, coccyx

27
Q

the adult posture develops as a result of

A

adaptations of the musculoskeletal system to the stresses placed upon it

28
Q

at birth, the body has one what type of curve

A

posterior c shaped, kyphotic

29
Q

when do secondary curves begin to develop

A

as child begins to move its body against gravity

30
Q

which develops first, cervical or lumbar curve with the spine

A

cervical

31
Q

when does the first anterior curve begins to develop

A

three to four days

32
Q

what age does the cervical curve is basically developed

A

three to four months or when child is able to hold its head upright

33
Q

function of secondary curves

A

bring the center of gravity to a vertical line, which allows the body’s weight to be balanced on the vertebral column in a way that expends the least amount of muscular energy to maintain an upright bipedal stance

34
Q

the first secondary curve that begins at day 3 or 4 extends from

A

tip of the odontoid process of C-2 to the base of T2

35
Q

the second secondary curve begins when

A

6 to 9 months

36
Q

the second secondary curve extends from

A

T12 to L5

37
Q

when is the second secondary curve full formed

A

10 to 18 months

38
Q

the first secondary curve is between what degrees

A

35 to 45 degrees

39
Q

the apex of the first secondary curve should be at

A

disc space of C4 and C5

40
Q

hypolordotic is

A

curve is less than 35

41
Q

hyperlordoctic is

A

more than 45

42
Q

what is the normal curve degrees of the second secondary curve

A

50 to 60 degrees

43
Q

how is the second secondary curved measured

A

top of L1 to top of the sacrum

44
Q

what age does the lumbar vertebrae grow two time faster than the rest of the spine

A

2 to 16 yo

45
Q

where is the apex of the kyphotic curve

A

between T6 and T7 motor unit

46
Q

what is the normal curve degree of the kyphotic curve

A

20 and 40 degrees, avg 30

47
Q

looking from behind the patient or from the side you should see

A

concavity, convexity, concavity, convexity

48
Q

the sacrococcygeal curve is also primary and starts and ends where

A

starts from the top of the sacrum to the tip of the coccyx

49
Q

curvatures are

A

adaptive bendings of the spine

50
Q

curvatures usually involve

A

three or more segments

51
Q

what are the three pathological curvatures of the back

A

kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis

52
Q

kyphosis is

A

an exaggerated thoracic curvature

53
Q

how does kyphosis occur

A

aging, disease process or in adolescent boys who engage in heavy spine loading such as weight lifting

54
Q

what is lordosis

A

exaggerated lumbar curvature

55
Q

how does lordosis occur

A

same as kyphosis as well as added weight in the front or pregnancy

56
Q

what is ankylosing spondylitis

A

progressive spinal flexion deformities, chin on chest

Spinal anatomy (18 decks)

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