Occiput Unit Two Exam Flashcards
is the occiput part of the spinal column
no
occiput articulates with what
the atlas
what are the three regions of the occiput
squamous, lateral or condylar, and basilar portion
the occiput forms what
the posterior part and the most of the base of the cranium
what hole is in the occiput
foramen magnum in the inferior part of the occiput
what goes through the foramen magnum
medulla oblongata and connects with the spinal cord
what else goes through the foramen magnum
vertebral and spinal arteries
the basilar portion of the occiput connects to what other skull bone
sphenoid
function of basilar part of the occiput
area for attachment of many ligaments and muscles (longus capitus and colli)
the condyles of the occiput articulate with what
the superior articular facet of the atlas (C1)
the condylar part of the occiput also includes what
jugular process, jugular notches and jugular foramen
what holes allow what to go through jugular foramen
glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory cranial nerves
are the condyles convexed or concaced
convexed
describe structure of condyles
converge anterior, diverge posterior
50% of flexion/extension of the head/neck takes place where prior to any other vertebra moving
condyles of the occiput
what is the largest portion of the occiput
squamous portion
where is the squamous portion of the occiput located
the back of the skull, posterior of the foramen magnum
what are the four nuchal lines in the squamous portion of the occiput
median, inferior, superior and highest
median nuchal line AKA
external occipital crest (vertical)
highest nuchal line AKA
supreme nuchal line
is the supreme nuchal line always present
no
inion AKA
external occipital protuberance
EOP is the junction between
superior and median nuchal lines
7 characteristics of a typical cervical vertebrae
rectangular (oval) shaped bodies, bifid SP, 3 cervical lips- 2 superior lateral (1 uncinate processes) 1 anterior inferior lip, TVP are anterior to AP, foramina transversarii for ascension of vertebral artery, costo-transverse lamella, and triangular neural foramen
the costo-transverse lamella is the groove on..
superior surface of TVP for exit of spinal nerve
typical cervical vertebrae numbers
C3-C6
peculiar cervical vertebrae numbers
C1, C2, and C7
purpose of uncinate processes
prevent lateral slipping of vertebra above
uncinate processes develop when
between ages 9 and 10
the unco-vertebral joint creates what
joint of Von Luschka or Luschka joint
Luschka joint AKA
false or pseudo joint
when the join of von luschka undergoes degeneration what occurs
hypertrophy (overgrowth) of the uncinate process
hypertrophy of the uncinate process causes
exostosis of the joints of von luschka
what is the most common cause of nerve root compression in the mid cervical spine
exostosis of the joints of von luschka
a typical cervical vertebrae has how many true articulations and pseudo ones
6 true and 2 pseudo
ucinate process uncovertebral joints of luschka limit what
lateral translation or bending guide rail for flexion/extension
the bony elevations on the superior lateral margins of the cervical vertebrae are called
ucinate processes
how are uncovertebral joints formed
articulate with the inferior lateral aspect of the vertebra above and the ucinate processes below
are the uncovertebral joints true joints
no
what type of joints are uncovertebral joint
fibrous
what does C1 lack
body, pedicles, laminae, and spinous process
what does C1 have
anterior and posterior arch, lateral masses and TVPs
anterior arch of C1 develops from
hypochondral arach
the anterior arch is what type of ossification and fuses to lateral masses when
primary center of ossification and fuses between 6 and 8 yo
what is the most anterior part of the atlas
anterior tubercle
where is fovea dentalis located
posterior part of central anterior arch
function of fovea dentalis
groove for articulation of dens which forms a pivotal joint for rotation of C1 and C2
first 50% of rotation of head and neck takes place here before any other vertebrae moves
fovea dentalis
atlas can moves how many degrees left or right from the pivotal joint of fovea dentalis
40 to 45 degrees
what is the most posterior part of C1
posterior tubercle
what in C1 is analogous to SP
posterior tubercle
AKA of sulcus arteriae vertebrialis
superior vertebral notch
when sulcus arteriae vertebrialis calcifies it becomes what
posterior atlanto-occipital ligament
what is the sulcus arteriae vertebrialis used for
entrance of the vertebral artery and exit of first pair spinal nerves
function of inferior vertebral notch
exit of second pair of spinal nerves
structure of inferior vertebral notch
anterior inferior surface of posterior arch
lateral masses of C1 shaped like
kidney bean
lateral masses of C1 contain what
superior and inferior facets which converge toward anterior and diverge posterior
the superior facet faces
superior and medial
the superior facet is taller where
lateral aspect than medial
inferior facet faces more
flat and inferior
where does the transverse ligament attach to on C1
median tubercle
the neural ring in C1 is wider where
anterior to posterior instead of transverse diameter
the neural ring in C1 is divided into how many parts
three- steel’s rule of thirds
what is contained in the C1 neural foramen
odontoid process, spinal cord, and adipose tissue, veins, arteries, ligaments and empty space
below C4, 3/4th of the neural foramen is for what
spinal cord
how many TVPs in C1
two
what is the longest TVP in the cervical spine
C1
how many articulation in C1
five
where do the five articulations occur in C1
2 with occiput, 3 with C2
causes of ADI abnormality
trauma, downs syndrome, inflammatory arthritis
C2 AKA
axis or epistropheus
C2 does not contain
superior lateral lips
what is the 1.5 cm finger like projection sticking up from the C2 body
odontoid process (dens)
odontoid develops from
2 laterally placed primary centers of ossification that fuse together about 7 month of fetal development
if odontoid does not fuse it is called
os odontoidium
what is thought to be the primordial body of C1
Dens
alar ligament AKA
check ligament
alar ligament attached to
the superior lateral margins of the dens and they connect to the condyles of the occiput and limit rotation of the skull to the opposite side
apical dental ligament attached from
the terminal aspect (tip) of the dens to the basilar portion of the occiput and helps stabilize the area
what SP is the largest in the C spine
C2
what is the first palpable SP below the EOP
C2
where is C2 located compared to head
2 inches below hair line or base of skull
what is the shortest TVP in the C spine
C2
how many articulation in C2
6
where are the articulations in C2
3 with atlas, 3 with C3 vertebra
C7 aka
vertebral prominens
what is the longest SP in C spine
C7
what is the first transitional segment of the spine
C7
describe SP of C7
not bifid
Anterior tubercle of C7 TVP development
develops from an independent primary center that fuses to the rest of the TVP by age 5 or 6
if anterior tubercle of C7 TVP does not fuse to rest of TVP, what occurs
cervical rib
describe foramina transversarii of C7
very small, and vertebral artery does not go through it but vertebral vein will
