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Spinal anatomy > Occiput Unit Two Exam > Flashcards

Occiput Unit Two Exam Flashcards

1
Q

is the occiput part of the spinal column

A

no

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2
Q

occiput articulates with what

A

the atlas

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3
Q

what are the three regions of the occiput

A

squamous, lateral or condylar, and basilar portion

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4
Q

the occiput forms what

A

the posterior part and the most of the base of the cranium

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5
Q

what hole is in the occiput

A

foramen magnum in the inferior part of the occiput

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6
Q

what goes through the foramen magnum

A

medulla oblongata and connects with the spinal cord

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7
Q

what else goes through the foramen magnum

A

vertebral and spinal arteries

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8
Q

the basilar portion of the occiput connects to what other skull bone

A

sphenoid

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9
Q

function of basilar part of the occiput

A

area for attachment of many ligaments and muscles (longus capitus and colli)

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10
Q

the condyles of the occiput articulate with what

A

the superior articular facet of the atlas (C1)

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11
Q

the condylar part of the occiput also includes what

A

jugular process, jugular notches and jugular foramen

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12
Q

what holes allow what to go through jugular foramen

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory cranial nerves

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13
Q

are the condyles convexed or concaced

A

convexed

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14
Q

describe structure of condyles

A

converge anterior, diverge posterior

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15
Q

50% of flexion/extension of the head/neck takes place where prior to any other vertebra moving

A

condyles of the occiput

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16
Q

what is the largest portion of the occiput

A

squamous portion

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17
Q

where is the squamous portion of the occiput located

A

the back of the skull, posterior of the foramen magnum

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18
Q

what are the four nuchal lines in the squamous portion of the occiput

A

median, inferior, superior and highest

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19
Q

median nuchal line AKA

A

external occipital crest (vertical)

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20
Q

highest nuchal line AKA

A

supreme nuchal line

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21
Q

is the supreme nuchal line always present

A

no

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22
Q

inion AKA

A

external occipital protuberance

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23
Q

EOP is the junction between

A

superior and median nuchal lines

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24
Q

7 characteristics of a typical cervical vertebrae

A

rectangular (oval) shaped bodies, bifid SP, 3 cervical lips- 2 superior lateral (1 uncinate processes) 1 anterior inferior lip, TVP are anterior to AP, foramina transversarii for ascension of vertebral artery, costo-transverse lamella, and triangular neural foramen

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25
Q

the costo-transverse lamella is the groove on..

A

superior surface of TVP for exit of spinal nerve

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26
Q

typical cervical vertebrae numbers

A

C3-C6

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27
Q

peculiar cervical vertebrae numbers

A

C1, C2, and C7

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28
Q

purpose of uncinate processes

A

prevent lateral slipping of vertebra above

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29
Q

uncinate processes develop when

A

between ages 9 and 10

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30
Q

the unco-vertebral joint creates what

A

joint of Von Luschka or Luschka joint

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31
Q

Luschka joint AKA

A

false or pseudo joint

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32
Q

when the join of von luschka undergoes degeneration what occurs

A

hypertrophy (overgrowth) of the uncinate process

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33
Q

hypertrophy of the uncinate process causes

A

exostosis of the joints of von luschka

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34
Q

what is the most common cause of nerve root compression in the mid cervical spine

A

exostosis of the joints of von luschka

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35
Q

a typical cervical vertebrae has how many true articulations and pseudo ones

A

6 true and 2 pseudo

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36
Q

ucinate process uncovertebral joints of luschka limit what

A

lateral translation or bending guide rail for flexion/extension

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37
Q

the bony elevations on the superior lateral margins of the cervical vertebrae are called

A

ucinate processes

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38
Q

how are uncovertebral joints formed

A

articulate with the inferior lateral aspect of the vertebra above and the ucinate processes below

39
Q

are the uncovertebral joints true joints

A

no

40
Q

what type of joints are uncovertebral joint

A

fibrous

41
Q

what does C1 lack

A

body, pedicles, laminae, and spinous process

42
Q

what does C1 have

A

anterior and posterior arch, lateral masses and TVPs

43
Q

anterior arch of C1 develops from

A

hypochondral arach

44
Q

the anterior arch is what type of ossification and fuses to lateral masses when

A

primary center of ossification and fuses between 6 and 8 yo

45
Q

what is the most anterior part of the atlas

A

anterior tubercle

46
Q

where is fovea dentalis located

A

posterior part of central anterior arch

47
Q

function of fovea dentalis

A

groove for articulation of dens which forms a pivotal joint for rotation of C1 and C2

48
Q

first 50% of rotation of head and neck takes place here before any other vertebrae moves

A

fovea dentalis

49
Q

atlas can moves how many degrees left or right from the pivotal joint of fovea dentalis

A

40 to 45 degrees

50
Q

what is the most posterior part of C1

A

posterior tubercle

51
Q

what in C1 is analogous to SP

A

posterior tubercle

52
Q

AKA of sulcus arteriae vertebrialis

A

superior vertebral notch

53
Q

when sulcus arteriae vertebrialis calcifies it becomes what

A

posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

54
Q

what is the sulcus arteriae vertebrialis used for

A

entrance of the vertebral artery and exit of first pair spinal nerves

55
Q

function of inferior vertebral notch

A

exit of second pair of spinal nerves

56
Q

structure of inferior vertebral notch

A

anterior inferior surface of posterior arch

57
Q

lateral masses of C1 shaped like

A

kidney bean

58
Q

lateral masses of C1 contain what

A

superior and inferior facets which converge toward anterior and diverge posterior

59
Q

the superior facet faces

A

superior and medial

60
Q

the superior facet is taller where

A

lateral aspect than medial

61
Q

inferior facet faces more

A

flat and inferior

62
Q

where does the transverse ligament attach to on C1

A

median tubercle

63
Q

the neural ring in C1 is wider where

A

anterior to posterior instead of transverse diameter

64
Q

the neural ring in C1 is divided into how many parts

A

three- steel’s rule of thirds

65
Q

what is contained in the C1 neural foramen

A

odontoid process, spinal cord, and adipose tissue, veins, arteries, ligaments and empty space

66
Q

below C4, 3/4th of the neural foramen is for what

A

spinal cord

67
Q

how many TVPs in C1

A

two

68
Q

what is the longest TVP in the cervical spine

A

C1

69
Q

how many articulation in C1

A

five

70
Q

where do the five articulations occur in C1

A

2 with occiput, 3 with C2

71
Q

causes of ADI abnormality

A

trauma, downs syndrome, inflammatory arthritis

72
Q

C2 AKA

A

axis or epistropheus

73
Q

C2 does not contain

A

superior lateral lips

74
Q

what is the 1.5 cm finger like projection sticking up from the C2 body

A

odontoid process (dens)

75
Q

odontoid develops from

A

2 laterally placed primary centers of ossification that fuse together about 7 month of fetal development

76
Q

if odontoid does not fuse it is called

A

os odontoidium

77
Q

what is thought to be the primordial body of C1

A

Dens

78
Q

alar ligament AKA

A

check ligament

79
Q

alar ligament attached to

A

the superior lateral margins of the dens and they connect to the condyles of the occiput and limit rotation of the skull to the opposite side

80
Q

apical dental ligament attached from

A

the terminal aspect (tip) of the dens to the basilar portion of the occiput and helps stabilize the area

81
Q

what SP is the largest in the C spine

A

C2

82
Q

what is the first palpable SP below the EOP

A

C2

83
Q

where is C2 located compared to head

A

2 inches below hair line or base of skull

84
Q

what is the shortest TVP in the C spine

A

C2

85
Q

how many articulation in C2

A

6

86
Q

where are the articulations in C2

A

3 with atlas, 3 with C3 vertebra

87
Q

C7 aka

A

vertebral prominens

88
Q

what is the longest SP in C spine

A

C7

89
Q

what is the first transitional segment of the spine

A

C7

90
Q

describe SP of C7

A

not bifid

91
Q

Anterior tubercle of C7 TVP development

A

develops from an independent primary center that fuses to the rest of the TVP by age 5 or 6

92
Q

if anterior tubercle of C7 TVP does not fuse to rest of TVP, what occurs

A

cervical rib

93
Q

describe foramina transversarii of C7

A

very small, and vertebral artery does not go through it but vertebral vein will

Spinal anatomy (18 decks)

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