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Spinal anatomy > Unit Two Exam Lumbar Vertebrae > Flashcards

Unit Two Exam Lumbar Vertebrae Flashcards

1
Q

What are the typical lumbar vertebrae

A

L1 through L4

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2
Q

What are the ten descriptive characteristics of typical lumbar vertebrae

A

Kidney shaped bodies, broad club like SP, TVP are thin and blade like, accessory processes, TVP’s are anterior to articular process but posterior to IVF, mammillary process, interlocking articular processes, broad short laminae, deep inferior pedicle notch and a shallow superior pedicle notch, neural foramen is triangular

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3
Q

Describe superior articular facet of typical thoracic

A

Concave and are located on outside

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4
Q

Inferior articular process of typical thoracic

A

Convex and located on the inside

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5
Q

Why is L5 a peculiar

A

Wedge shaped body, small SP that tips upward toward L4, TVP arises from the body and not the lamina/ pedicle junction

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6
Q

What is the 4th transitional segment of the spine

A

L5

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7
Q

Describe inferior facets of L5

A

Face more coronary rather than sagittally

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8
Q

What is the active ROM of flexion of the lumbar

A

Lumbar only is 60 degrees with help of pelvis then 105 degrees

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9
Q

Active ROM of lumbar for extension

A

25 degrees, first 15 degrees from pelvis and last 10 is lumbar spine alone

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10
Q

Active ROM of lumbar for lateral bending

A

25 degrees

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11
Q

Active ROM of lumbar for rotation

A

45 degrees

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12
Q

Spondyl means

A

Vertebra

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13
Q

Lysis means

A

Break

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14
Q

What is spondylolysis

A

A break in the pars interarticularis (part of laminae) without anterior slippage

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15
Q

Is spondylolysis unilateral or bilateral

A

Both

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16
Q

Bilateral spondylolysis can turn into what

A

Spondylolisthesis

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17
Q

What causes stress fractures of the pars interarticularis

A

Secondary to repeated minor trauma

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18
Q

What does listhesis mean

A

Slippage

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19
Q

What is spondylolisthesis

A

Considered a break in the pars interarticularis with anterior slippage

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20
Q

What is anterolisthesis

A

Anterior slippage

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21
Q

What is retrolisthesis

A

Posterior slippage

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22
Q

Spondylos mostly occurs where

A

70 to 75% occur ass L5 slips anterior on S1

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23
Q

In spondylolisthesis or spondylolysis what forms in the crack of the pars

A

Fibrous tissue

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24
Q

The fibrous tissue forming in the crack of the pars contains what and causes what

A

Nerve fibers and pain carrying free nerve endings and are capable of transmitting pain

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25
Q

What is a stress fracture

A

Injuries to vertebra happen faster or more often than the body can keep up with needed repairs, a crack may form in the weakened bone

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26
Q

If the crack in the vertebra reaches both sides what happens

A

The vertebra is no longer held firmly in place by the facet joints allowing for the body to slip anterior

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27
Q

Spondylolisthesis in early stages is unstable but then becomes stable due to what

A

Fibrous tissue forming

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28
Q

True congenital spondylolisthesis occurs with who and when

A

Pars defects increases with age

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29
Q

What are the five types of spondylolisthesis

A

Isthmic, degenerative, traumatic, pathological and dysplastic

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30
Q

Aka of isthmic spondylolisthesis

A

Lytic spondylolisthesis

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31
Q

What is isthmic spondylolisthesis

A

Fatigue or stress fracture of the pars of L5, L5 slips on S1

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32
Q

What is the most common type of spondylolisthesis

A

Isthmic

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33
Q

Most common spondylolisthesis below age 50

A

Isthmic

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34
Q

What is degenerative spondylolisthesis

A

Fracture/pars defect but is secondary to long standing degenerative process

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35
Q

Degenerative spondylolisthesis primarily what type of degeneration

A

Posterior joint

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36
Q

Who do you see degenerative spondylolisthesis with

A

Female over 40

37
Q

Degenerative spondylolisthesis is a slippage on what

A

L4 slips on L5

38
Q

Degenerative spondylolisthesis is most common with what age

A

Above age 50

39
Q

What is traumatic spondylolisthesis

A

Acute fracture anywhere in the posterior arch except at the pars interarticularis

40
Q

What is pathological spondylolisthesis

A

Found secondary to pathology such as metastatic carcinoma, Paget’s disease, etc.

41
Q

What is dysplastic spondylolisthesis

A

Rare congenital malformation in which L5 may be lacking inferior articular processes to articulate with S1 thus slides anterior

42
Q

Dysplastic spondylolisthesis AKA

A

Congenital spondylolisthesis

43
Q

Both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are considered __________ conditions

A

Acquired

44
Q

What percentage of population has spondylolisthesis

A

5 to 7%

45
Q

Is canal stenosis more common or foraminal stenosis

A

Foraminal stenosis

46
Q

As many as 50% of young athletes have this symptom which may indicate they have spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis

A

Pain in the lumbar for over three months

47
Q

Spondylolisthesis is most often associated with sports that have a lot of

A

Hyperextension such as football, weight lifters, divers, pole vaulters, high jumpers, gymnastics and wrestlers

48
Q

Isthmic spondylolisthesis is most often found between what ages in athletes

A

9 and 13

49
Q

The majority of spondylos occur asymptomatically by what age and symptomatic at what age

A

12 and 13

50
Q

What sex is more prone to spondylolisthesis in sports

A

Males

51
Q

What sex appears to be severe with spondylolisthesis in sports

A

Females

52
Q

Signs and symptoms of spondylos

A

Low back pain (chronic), tight hamstrings causing hyperlordosis, loss of flexibility (due to altered biomechanics and pain)

53
Q

Typical X-ray views for the lumbar spine

A

A-P lumbar and lateral lumbar

54
Q

If you suspect spondylo, what X-ray series

A

A-P lumbar, lateral lumbar, and obliques

55
Q

What X-ray do you use to measure or grade the amount or degree of slippage in spondylolisthesis

A

Lateral lumbar X-ray

56
Q

What are the two ways to measure or grade the amount or degree of slippage of spondylolisthesis

A

Ullman’s line and meyerding classification

57
Q

What is ullman’s line

A

Uses anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies to measure slippage

58
Q

What is meyerding classification

A

Uses posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies to measure slippage

59
Q

How many grades are there in the meyerding grading

A

1 through 5

60
Q

Grade one of meyerding

A

1-25% anterior slippage

61
Q

Grade 2 meyerding

A

26 to 50% anterior slippage

62
Q

Grade 3 meyerding

A

51 to 75% anterior slippage

63
Q

Grade 4 meyerding

A

76 to 99% anterior slippage

64
Q

Grade 5 meyerding

A

Vertebra has slipped totally off the segment below and anterior to it and may fuse to the segment below called spondyloptosis

65
Q

What is greatest segmental motion in the lumbar spin

A

Flexion and extension

66
Q

75% of flexion of lumbar spin is where

A

L5/S1

67
Q

What is the least segmental motion in the lumbar spine

A

Rotation

68
Q

Greatest amount of overall motion in the lumbar spine occurs where

A

L4/L5

69
Q

Greatest amount of lateral bending in the L spine is where

A

L3/L4

70
Q

Least amount of lateral bending in the L spine occurs where

A

L5/S1

71
Q

What is the most common anomaly of the spine

A

Trophism

72
Q

What is baastrup’s disease

A

Kissing spinouses

73
Q

What is trophism

A

Asymmetrical facets at L5/S1

74
Q

What is sacralization

A

Last lumbar assumes the characteristics of the sacrum, spatulated TVP or fusion to sacrum in some form

75
Q

What is lumbarization

A

First sacral segment assumes characteristics of the lumbar. Usually separated and called L6

76
Q

Disc herniations occurs where in the L spine

A

L4/L5 and L5/S1

77
Q

If more mobility then less

A

Stability

78
Q

What is knife clasp syndrome

A

Elongated spinous process of L5 (with hyperlordosis) and a spina bifida at S1

79
Q

Symptom of knife clasp syndrome

A

Will have pain upon extension that is centrally located

80
Q

What occurs in tropism

A

Joints are faced different and only move with great stress which leads to disc wearing and pain

81
Q

What is spondylosis

A

A pathological stimulation of new bone formation at the attachments of the longitudinal ligaments

82
Q

What are the two types of spondylosis

A

Syndesmophyte and spondylophyte

83
Q

What is an osteophyte

A

Spur found on any bone

84
Q

What is syndesmophyte

A

Vertical spurs, calcification of the longitudinal ligaments

85
Q

What is spondylophyte

A

More horizontal spurs off the vertebra (usually true bone). May end up with fusion

86
Q

What are the three types of fusion

A

Arthrodesis, ankylosis, synostosis

87
Q

What is arthrodesis

A

Surgical fusion

88
Q

What is ankylosis

A

Pathological fusion

89
Q

What is synostosis

A

Congenital fusion

Spinal anatomy (18 decks)

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