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Spinal anatomy > Scoliosis Unit Two Exam > Flashcards

Scoliosis Unit Two Exam Flashcards

1
Q

what is scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine of greater than 10 degrees

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2
Q

where does scoliosis occur in the spine

A

thoracic or lumbar

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3
Q

what is idiopathic scoliosis

A

a lateral deviation and rotation of the spine without an identifiable cause

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4
Q

scoliosis is usually associated with

A

rotation of the vertebrae and sometimes excessive kyphosis or lordosis

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5
Q

what type of x ray needed to see scoliosis

A

A to P

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6
Q

scoliosis are named based on

A

the direction that curvature convexes

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7
Q

left scoliosis is

A

levoscoliosis

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8
Q

right scoliosis is

A

dextroscoliosis

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9
Q

what is rotatory scoliosis

A

element of rotation to the scoliosis

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10
Q

is left or right scoliosis worse

A

left due to the heart being on that side

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11
Q

what is a wedge vertebrae

A

partial unilateral failure of formation

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12
Q

what is a hemivertebrae

A

complete unilateral failure of formation

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13
Q

what is a congenital bar

A

unilateral failure of segmentation

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14
Q

what is a block vertebrae

A

bilateral failure of segmentation

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15
Q

what are the characteristics of scoliosis

A

one hip more prominent, unequal gaps between the arms and the trunk, spine obviously curved, one shoulder blade higher and possibly more prominent, one shoulder higher, head not centered over body

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16
Q

what are the three major classifications of scoliosis

A

structural, non-structural, transient structural

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17
Q

what is the most common form of scoliosis

A

idiopathic scoliosis by 70%

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18
Q

idiopathic scoliosis is a subclassification of what

A

structural scoliosis

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19
Q

idiopathic scoliosis mostly affects who

A

females

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20
Q

which scoliosis is the most difficult to treat

A

idiopathic due to the least amount of corrections especially if in the T1 to t3 range

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21
Q

non structural scoliosis is known as

A

physiological scoliosis or functional

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22
Q

structural scoliosis is known as

A

pathological scoliosis

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23
Q

to tell difference of pathological and physiological scoliosis, what must be performed

A

adams sign

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24
Q

what chiropractor stated that most idiopathic scoliosis were due to a decrease in foundation support (subluxation)

A

dr. fred barge

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25
Q

what chiropractor used standing and hanging xrays to determine the amount of correction possible

A

dr. mawhaney

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26
Q

what medical doctor noticed an increase in scoliosis as time went on throughout the day

A

dr. beauchamp

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27
Q

xrays for scoliosis are measured by

A

cobbs angle and riser ferguson measurement

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28
Q

cobbs angle gives how many degrees more than riser ferguson measurement

A

10

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29
Q

steps of cobb method

A
  1. identify the upper and lower end of vertebrae, 2. draw lines extending along the vertebral borders. 3. measure the cobb angle directly or geometrically
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30
Q

what is the heuter volkman rule

A

increased pressure on one side of the bone hampers the growth of the epiphyseal plate on that side. opposite side will grow normal

31
Q

what is julius wolff law

A

bone responds dynamically to stress placed on it. increased stress on the concave side of the curve produces an increased amount of cancellous bone on this side

32
Q

what is davis law

A

similar to wolffs law but related to soft tissue

33
Q

what muscles are weak and which are contracture in scoliosis

A

contracture on concavity and weak on side of convexity

34
Q

what are the three types of idiopathic scoliosis

A

infantile, juvenile, adolescent

35
Q

when does infantile scoliosis occur

A

before age 3

36
Q

when does juvenile idiopathic scoliosis occur

A

3 and 10 yo

37
Q

when does adolescent idiopathic scoliosis occur

A

10 to maturity

38
Q

most common form of idiopathic spinal curvatures are

A

convex and to the right (90%)

39
Q

what type of problems occur with left spinal curvatures of idiopathic scolioisis

A

CNS problems

40
Q

where in the spine do most idiopathic scoliosis occur

A

thoracic

41
Q

symptoms of scoliosis

A

asymptomatic or mild to severe back pain with loss of bladder function and lower extremity neurologic deficit

42
Q

at what age does an individual grow the fastest and when scoliosis gets worse

A

12 to 16 yo

43
Q

what sex more likely to have scoliosis

A

female

44
Q

handedness of scoliosis

A

low shoulder on the side of handedness due to stronger muscles

45
Q

what height more likely has scoliosis

A

tall

46
Q

weight more likely has scoliosis

A

thin

47
Q

what are the three body types

A

ectomorph, endomorph, mesomorph

48
Q

ectomorph

A

tall, thin

49
Q

endomorph

A

larger, thicker

50
Q

mesomorph

A

athletic build

51
Q

what brace is used for nonoperative lumbar scoliosis management

A

boston brace

52
Q

aka of boston brace

A

low profile thoracolumbarsacral orthotic (TLSO)

53
Q

TLSO primarily used for

A

lower thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar curves

54
Q

what brace is used for nonoperative treatment of thoracic and lumbar scoliosis

A

lyon brace

55
Q

what brace is most commonly used for treatment of kyphotic conditions

A

milwaukee brace

56
Q

milwaukee brace AKA

A

cervicothoraciclumbosacral orthotic (CTLSO)

57
Q

primary goal of CTLSO brace

A

stop progression of scoliosis

58
Q

bone age helps determine

A

physiological age, age of maturity of the body

59
Q

george’s line is used to see

A

anterior or posterior slipage

60
Q

risser sign AKA

A

iliac epiphysis sign, apophysis sign

61
Q

what does rissers sign check for

A

bone maturity (maturation)

62
Q

when does risser sign occur

A

about age of 16

63
Q

when does risser sign end

A

completion is 7 months to 3.5 years

64
Q

grade 1 risser sign

A

up to 25%

65
Q

grade 2 risser sign

A

26 to 50%

66
Q

grade 3 risser sign

A

51 to 75%

67
Q

grade 4 risser sign

A

76 to 100%

68
Q

grade 5 risser sign

A

fusion stops and total cessation of growth

69
Q

the cervical gravity line needs to pass through

A

center of the tip of the odontoid and any part of the C7

70
Q

normal width of adi for child

A

1 to 5 mm

71
Q

normal width of adi for adult

A

1 to 3 mm

72
Q

lumbar gravity line

A

goes from L3 body to 1 cm anterior or posterior of tip of sacrum

73
Q

if lumbar gravity line falls forwards of sacrum then

A

lumbar spine has anterior weight bearing (discs)

74
Q

if lumbar gravity line falls behind the sacrum then

A

lumbar spine has posterior weight bearing (facets)

Spinal anatomy (18 decks)

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