Scoliosis Unit Two Exam Flashcards
what is scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine of greater than 10 degrees
where does scoliosis occur in the spine
thoracic or lumbar
what is idiopathic scoliosis
a lateral deviation and rotation of the spine without an identifiable cause
scoliosis is usually associated with
rotation of the vertebrae and sometimes excessive kyphosis or lordosis
what type of x ray needed to see scoliosis
A to P
scoliosis are named based on
the direction that curvature convexes
left scoliosis is
levoscoliosis
right scoliosis is
dextroscoliosis
what is rotatory scoliosis
element of rotation to the scoliosis
is left or right scoliosis worse
left due to the heart being on that side
what is a wedge vertebrae
partial unilateral failure of formation
what is a hemivertebrae
complete unilateral failure of formation
what is a congenital bar
unilateral failure of segmentation
what is a block vertebrae
bilateral failure of segmentation
what are the characteristics of scoliosis
one hip more prominent, unequal gaps between the arms and the trunk, spine obviously curved, one shoulder blade higher and possibly more prominent, one shoulder higher, head not centered over body
what are the three major classifications of scoliosis
structural, non-structural, transient structural
what is the most common form of scoliosis
idiopathic scoliosis by 70%
idiopathic scoliosis is a subclassification of what
structural scoliosis
idiopathic scoliosis mostly affects who
females
which scoliosis is the most difficult to treat
idiopathic due to the least amount of corrections especially if in the T1 to t3 range
non structural scoliosis is known as
physiological scoliosis or functional
structural scoliosis is known as
pathological scoliosis
to tell difference of pathological and physiological scoliosis, what must be performed
adams sign
what chiropractor stated that most idiopathic scoliosis were due to a decrease in foundation support (subluxation)
dr. fred barge
what chiropractor used standing and hanging xrays to determine the amount of correction possible
dr. mawhaney
what medical doctor noticed an increase in scoliosis as time went on throughout the day
dr. beauchamp
xrays for scoliosis are measured by
cobbs angle and riser ferguson measurement
cobbs angle gives how many degrees more than riser ferguson measurement
10
steps of cobb method
- identify the upper and lower end of vertebrae, 2. draw lines extending along the vertebral borders. 3. measure the cobb angle directly or geometrically
what is the heuter volkman rule
increased pressure on one side of the bone hampers the growth of the epiphyseal plate on that side. opposite side will grow normal
what is julius wolff law
bone responds dynamically to stress placed on it. increased stress on the concave side of the curve produces an increased amount of cancellous bone on this side
what is davis law
similar to wolffs law but related to soft tissue
what muscles are weak and which are contracture in scoliosis
contracture on concavity and weak on side of convexity
what are the three types of idiopathic scoliosis
infantile, juvenile, adolescent
when does infantile scoliosis occur
before age 3
when does juvenile idiopathic scoliosis occur
3 and 10 yo
when does adolescent idiopathic scoliosis occur
10 to maturity
most common form of idiopathic spinal curvatures are
convex and to the right (90%)
what type of problems occur with left spinal curvatures of idiopathic scolioisis
CNS problems
where in the spine do most idiopathic scoliosis occur
thoracic
symptoms of scoliosis
asymptomatic or mild to severe back pain with loss of bladder function and lower extremity neurologic deficit
at what age does an individual grow the fastest and when scoliosis gets worse
12 to 16 yo
what sex more likely to have scoliosis
female
handedness of scoliosis
low shoulder on the side of handedness due to stronger muscles
what height more likely has scoliosis
tall
weight more likely has scoliosis
thin
what are the three body types
ectomorph, endomorph, mesomorph
ectomorph
tall, thin
endomorph
larger, thicker
mesomorph
athletic build
what brace is used for nonoperative lumbar scoliosis management
boston brace
aka of boston brace
low profile thoracolumbarsacral orthotic (TLSO)
TLSO primarily used for
lower thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar curves
what brace is used for nonoperative treatment of thoracic and lumbar scoliosis
lyon brace
what brace is most commonly used for treatment of kyphotic conditions
milwaukee brace
milwaukee brace AKA
cervicothoraciclumbosacral orthotic (CTLSO)
primary goal of CTLSO brace
stop progression of scoliosis
bone age helps determine
physiological age, age of maturity of the body
george’s line is used to see
anterior or posterior slipage
risser sign AKA
iliac epiphysis sign, apophysis sign
what does rissers sign check for
bone maturity (maturation)
when does risser sign occur
about age of 16
when does risser sign end
completion is 7 months to 3.5 years
grade 1 risser sign
up to 25%
grade 2 risser sign
26 to 50%
grade 3 risser sign
51 to 75%
grade 4 risser sign
76 to 100%
grade 5 risser sign
fusion stops and total cessation of growth
the cervical gravity line needs to pass through
center of the tip of the odontoid and any part of the C7
normal width of adi for child
1 to 5 mm
normal width of adi for adult
1 to 3 mm
lumbar gravity line
goes from L3 body to 1 cm anterior or posterior of tip of sacrum
if lumbar gravity line falls forwards of sacrum then
lumbar spine has anterior weight bearing (discs)
if lumbar gravity line falls behind the sacrum then
lumbar spine has posterior weight bearing (facets)
