Occiput Part Two Test Two Flashcards
What does CT stand for
Computer aided tomography
What is a CT
Radiographic axial section taken and manipulated by computer
What’s the advantage of CT
Excellent bone detail and 3D image reconstruction is possible
Disadvantage of CT
Relatively high radiation dose (10x X-ray)
What is the best imaging for soft tissue types
MRI
How does MRI work
Place in magnetic field and images are created by manipulation of hydrogen atoms in the body
Advantages of MRI
Excellent soft tissue detail with no ionizing radiation
Disadvantages of MRI
Expensive! And patients with metal artifacts can not go in
What part of body is attacked first of RA
Hands
Who is mostly affected by RA
Females
What is attacked by RA first
Facet joints
After hitting facet joints of C1/C2 what is hit next by RA
Transverse ligament then moves down the spine
What is DJD
Degenerative joint disease
DJD attacks what
Disco-vertebral articulation
Where does DJD occur most in the body
Most common in C4/5 and C5/6, and C6/7
Cervical vertebra with longest TVP
C1
Cervical vertebra with shortest TVP
C2
Cervical vertebra with the largest SP
C2
Cervical vertebra with the longest SP
C7
Cervical vertebra with no SP
C1
Cervical vertebra with shortest SP
C3
Where is the carotid tubercle located in the C spine
Anterior tubercle of TVP of C6
Carotid tubercle is AKA
Chassaignac’s tubercle
Carotid sinus and carotid body is located where in the C spine
Disc space between C3 and C4
What is the last cervical vertebra to move in extension
C6
What spinous process in the C spine located at the same level as thyroid cartilage
C4/C5
What Xrays are in a cervical series
APOM (open mouth), APLC (lower cervical) and lateral cervical
What are the five view cervical (Davis ) series
APOM, APLC, lateral cervical, oblique, or flexion and extension
What Xrays are in the the seven view cervical (Davis ) series or traumatic Davis
APOM, APLC, lateral cervical, oblique, flexion and extension,
Where is marker placed in anterior obliques
Behind the patient
Where is the marker placed in posterior obliques
In front of the patient
Cervical global ROM aka
Active, regional ROM
What is the cervical global rom of flexion
50 degrees
What is the cervical global rom of extension
60 degrees
What is the cervical global rom of right and left rotation
80 degrees left or right
What is the cervical global rom of right and left lateral bending
45 degrees left or right
What is the acronym of cervical obliques
Caspo
What does caspo stand for
Cervical anterior same posterior opposite
CASPO is used for what
Determining IVFs of cervical
What is coupling motion
2 or more motions occurring at the same time
What occurs to SP and vertebral bodies when c spine is laterally flexed
SP will move to opposite side (contralateral and side of convexity) and bodies will move to same side as head moving (ipsilateral, concavity)
The brain receives blood from what two main arterial sources
Vertebral arteries (2) and carotid arteries (2)
The vertebral artery supplies blood to what part of brain
Posterior 1/3
The carotid arteries supplies blood to what part of brain
Anterior 2/3
What artery is the first artery off the subclavian artery
Vertebral artery
Subclavian artery comes off of what
Aorta
When the vertebral artery comes off the subclavian artery and it ascend through what
The foramina tansversarii of the first 6 vertebrae
After the vertebral artery goes through C-1, it turns sharply back medially and goes through what
The sulcus arteries vertebrialis and into the spinal canal
What happens after vertebral artery goes into the spinal canal
Unites with the other vertebral artery on opposite side and forms the basilar artery
How is the vertebral artery “fixed to adjacent structures” by means of
Collagen along its entire course
What happens to the vertebral artery due to the collagen when the C spine is rotated (30 to 45 degrees)
It will elongate
The vertebral artery has how many parts
4
Part one of the vertebral artery
From the subclavian artery through TVP of C6
Part two of vertebral artery
As it goes from C6 and passes through C2
Part three of the vertebral artery
C2 to C1, moves laterally 45 degrees and passes through C1 TVP then turns medially and goes through the sulcus arterii vertebrialis. Ponticulus posticus
Part four of the vertebral artery
Goes through posterior Atlanto-occipital ligament into spinal canal then joins up with fellow on opposite side to form basilar artery
What is VBAI
Vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency
Where do most vertebral artery injuries occur
At the C1 level
Before becoming the basilar artery, the vertebral artery branches off how many times
Three
What is the last and largest branch off the vertebral artery before becoming the basilar artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
As the basilar artery travels upward, it then branches into the right and left what
Posterior cerebral artery
The posterior cerebral artery is part of the
Circle of Willis
The posterior cerebral artery branches into what
Posterior communicating artery
The posterior communicating artery is part of the
Posterior lateral part of the circle of willis
The posterior communicating artery unites with what artery
Anterior cerebral artery
The anterior cerebral artery unites with
The anterior communicating artery
Where does the circle of Willis sit
Under the brain
The circle of Willis supplies blood to what
The brain
Where is the area where strokes or vascular accidents happen more commonly
Circle of Willis
Blood flow from heart to brain
Heart, aorta, subclavian artery, vertebral artery, basilar artery, posterior cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery
