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Spinal anatomy > Occiput Part Two Test Two > Flashcards

Occiput Part Two Test Two Flashcards

1
Q

What does CT stand for

A

Computer aided tomography

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2
Q

What is a CT

A

Radiographic axial section taken and manipulated by computer

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3
Q

What’s the advantage of CT

A

Excellent bone detail and 3D image reconstruction is possible

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4
Q

Disadvantage of CT

A

Relatively high radiation dose (10x X-ray)

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5
Q

What is the best imaging for soft tissue types

A

MRI

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6
Q

How does MRI work

A

Place in magnetic field and images are created by manipulation of hydrogen atoms in the body

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7
Q

Advantages of MRI

A

Excellent soft tissue detail with no ionizing radiation

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8
Q

Disadvantages of MRI

A

Expensive! And patients with metal artifacts can not go in

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9
Q

What part of body is attacked first of RA

A

Hands

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10
Q

Who is mostly affected by RA

A

Females

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11
Q

What is attacked by RA first

A

Facet joints

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12
Q

After hitting facet joints of C1/C2 what is hit next by RA

A

Transverse ligament then moves down the spine

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13
Q

What is DJD

A

Degenerative joint disease

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14
Q

DJD attacks what

A

Disco-vertebral articulation

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15
Q

Where does DJD occur most in the body

A

Most common in C4/5 and C5/6, and C6/7

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16
Q

Cervical vertebra with longest TVP

A

C1

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17
Q

Cervical vertebra with shortest TVP

A

C2

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18
Q

Cervical vertebra with the largest SP

A

C2

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19
Q

Cervical vertebra with the longest SP

A

C7

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20
Q

Cervical vertebra with no SP

A

C1

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21
Q

Cervical vertebra with shortest SP

A

C3

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22
Q

Where is the carotid tubercle located in the C spine

A

Anterior tubercle of TVP of C6

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23
Q

Carotid tubercle is AKA

A

Chassaignac’s tubercle

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24
Q

Carotid sinus and carotid body is located where in the C spine

A

Disc space between C3 and C4

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25
Q

What is the last cervical vertebra to move in extension

A

C6

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26
Q

What spinous process in the C spine located at the same level as thyroid cartilage

A

C4/C5

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27
Q

What Xrays are in a cervical series

A

APOM (open mouth), APLC (lower cervical) and lateral cervical

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28
Q

What are the five view cervical (Davis ) series

A

APOM, APLC, lateral cervical, oblique, or flexion and extension

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29
Q

What Xrays are in the the seven view cervical (Davis ) series or traumatic Davis

A

APOM, APLC, lateral cervical, oblique, flexion and extension,

30
Q

Where is marker placed in anterior obliques

A

Behind the patient

31
Q

Where is the marker placed in posterior obliques

A

In front of the patient

32
Q

Cervical global ROM aka

A

Active, regional ROM

33
Q

What is the cervical global rom of flexion

A

50 degrees

34
Q

What is the cervical global rom of extension

A

60 degrees

35
Q

What is the cervical global rom of right and left rotation

A

80 degrees left or right

36
Q

What is the cervical global rom of right and left lateral bending

A

45 degrees left or right

37
Q

What is the acronym of cervical obliques

A

Caspo

38
Q

What does caspo stand for

A

Cervical anterior same posterior opposite

39
Q

CASPO is used for what

A

Determining IVFs of cervical

40
Q

What is coupling motion

A

2 or more motions occurring at the same time

41
Q

What occurs to SP and vertebral bodies when c spine is laterally flexed

A

SP will move to opposite side (contralateral and side of convexity) and bodies will move to same side as head moving (ipsilateral, concavity)

42
Q

The brain receives blood from what two main arterial sources

A

Vertebral arteries (2) and carotid arteries (2)

43
Q

The vertebral artery supplies blood to what part of brain

A

Posterior 1/3

44
Q

The carotid arteries supplies blood to what part of brain

A

Anterior 2/3

45
Q

What artery is the first artery off the subclavian artery

A

Vertebral artery

46
Q

Subclavian artery comes off of what

A

Aorta

47
Q

When the vertebral artery comes off the subclavian artery and it ascend through what

A

The foramina tansversarii of the first 6 vertebrae

48
Q

After the vertebral artery goes through C-1, it turns sharply back medially and goes through what

A

The sulcus arteries vertebrialis and into the spinal canal

49
Q

What happens after vertebral artery goes into the spinal canal

A

Unites with the other vertebral artery on opposite side and forms the basilar artery

50
Q

How is the vertebral artery “fixed to adjacent structures” by means of

A

Collagen along its entire course

51
Q

What happens to the vertebral artery due to the collagen when the C spine is rotated (30 to 45 degrees)

A

It will elongate

52
Q

The vertebral artery has how many parts

A

4

53
Q

Part one of the vertebral artery

A

From the subclavian artery through TVP of C6

54
Q

Part two of vertebral artery

A

As it goes from C6 and passes through C2

55
Q

Part three of the vertebral artery

A

C2 to C1, moves laterally 45 degrees and passes through C1 TVP then turns medially and goes through the sulcus arterii vertebrialis. Ponticulus posticus

56
Q

Part four of the vertebral artery

A

Goes through posterior Atlanto-occipital ligament into spinal canal then joins up with fellow on opposite side to form basilar artery

57
Q

What is VBAI

A

Vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency

58
Q

Where do most vertebral artery injuries occur

A

At the C1 level

59
Q

Before becoming the basilar artery, the vertebral artery branches off how many times

A

Three

60
Q

What is the last and largest branch off the vertebral artery before becoming the basilar artery

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

61
Q

As the basilar artery travels upward, it then branches into the right and left what

A

Posterior cerebral artery

62
Q

The posterior cerebral artery is part of the

A

Circle of Willis

63
Q

The posterior cerebral artery branches into what

A

Posterior communicating artery

64
Q

The posterior communicating artery is part of the

A

Posterior lateral part of the circle of willis

65
Q

The posterior communicating artery unites with what artery

A

Anterior cerebral artery

66
Q

The anterior cerebral artery unites with

A

The anterior communicating artery

67
Q

Where does the circle of Willis sit

A

Under the brain

68
Q

The circle of Willis supplies blood to what

A

The brain

69
Q

Where is the area where strokes or vascular accidents happen more commonly

A

Circle of Willis

70
Q

Blood flow from heart to brain

A

Heart, aorta, subclavian artery, vertebral artery, basilar artery, posterior cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery

Spinal anatomy (18 decks)

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