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Advanced Biology > Unit Two - Biochemistry - Lipids > Flashcards

Unit Two - Biochemistry - Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic? Why? (4)

A
  1. Hydrophobic
  2. Lipids are nonpolar
  3. Water is Polar
  4. Polar and Nonpolar Repel Each Other
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2
Q

What monomers make up Triglycerides?

A

1 glycerol
3 fatty acids

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3
Q

What is the main function of Triglycerides? (2)

A
  1. Store Long - Term Energy
  2. 9 cal/g - 2.5X more energy than carbs and proteins
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4
Q

How do triglycerides play a role in animals and humans? (3)

A
  1. Blubber - Insulates Marine Animals
  2. Adipose - Insulates Humans
  3. Cushions Organs
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5
Q

What is the consequence of ingesting too much triglycerides? (4)

A

Heart Diseases
a. Cardiovascular disease
b. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
c. Blockage of Blood in a Heart Muscle
d. Atherosclerosis - Hardening of Arteries through Plaque Deposits

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6
Q

What does Atheroclerosis limit?

A

Blood Flow
a. Transport of O2
b. Transport of C6H12O6

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7
Q

What is the Structure of Glycerol? (2)

A
  1. Backbone of Triglycerides & Phospholipids
  2. 3 Carbon Atoms, each attached to FA
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8
Q

What is the structure of a general Fatty Acid?

A
  1. Carboxyl Group (COOH)
  2. Connected to a Hydrocarbon Chain
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9
Q

What is the structure of a saturated fatty acid? (4)

A
  1. No double bonds between carbons
  2. Straight chains
  3. Pack tightly together
  4. Fully Saturated with Hydrogen
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10
Q

What is the structure of an unsaturated fatty acid? (4)

A
  1. Double bonds between carbons
  2. Double bonds create kinks in chain
  3. Don’t pack tightly due to kinks
  4. Not fully saturated with H due to double bonds between carbon
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11
Q

Where are all of the differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids located?

A

Hydrocarbon Chain

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12
Q

What are property differences between unsaturated and saturated fats? (3/3)

A

Saturated

  1. Solid at RT
  2. From Animal Fat
  3. Contributes to Heart Disease

Unsaturated

  1. Liquid at RT
  2. From Plants
  3. Decreases Heart Disease
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13
Q

What are the three elements that make up lipids?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

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14
Q

What are the four types of lipids?

A
  1. Fats
  2. Waxes
  3. Steroids
  4. Phospholipids
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15
Q

What are the four functions of Lipids?

A
  1. Form Hormones
  2. Repel Water
  3. Forms Cell Membrane
  4. Long Term Energy Storage
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16
Q

What function do Waxes have?

A

Repel Water

17
Q

What function do Steroids have?

A

Hormones

18
Q

What function do phospholipids have?

A
  1. Makes up the cell membrane
  2. Creates a different enevironment inside and outside the cell
19
Q

What is the strucure of a phopsholipid?

A
  1. Phosphate Head
  2. Fatty Acid Chain
20
Q

What are the properties of the phosphate head in a phospholipid?

A
  1. Hydrophllic/Polar
  2. Attracts to Water
  3. Phosphate group attached to glycerol
21
Q

What are the properties of the FA chain in a phospholipid?

A
  1. Hydrophobic/Non Polar
  2. Repels Water
  3. Chain can be saturated or unsaturated
22
Q

How does the phospholipid structure assist in the formation of the lipid bilayer in the cell membrane? (5)

A
  1. In an aqueous environment
  2. Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer
  3. To keep their hydrophobic tails away from water
  4. And hydrophyllic heads facing the water
  5. Creates a stable barrier between the cell’s internal and external environment
23
Q

What is Bile? (6)

A
  1. Emulsifier - Help mix fat with water
  2. Made by the Liver
  3. Stored by the Galbladder
  4. Breaks fat into tiny droplets
  5. For digestive enzymes to break them down
  6. Also known as emulsification
24
Q

What is an example of a wax and its function? (4)

A
  1. Cutin
  2. Found on the surface of a leaf
  3. Prevents evaporation of water from leaf
  4. Retaining hydration
25
Q

Definition of Steroids (2)

A
  1. Lipids with a steroid nucleus
  2. Structure - 4 fused rings
26
Q

3 examples of Steroids

A
  1. Cholesterol
  2. Hormones
  3. Vitamin D
27
Q

Definition of Cholesterol (4)

A
  1. Main Steroid
  2. Seperates phospholids to increase fluidity
  3. Increases transport
  4. Too much cholesterol increases heart disease
28
Q

Definition of Estrogen (3)

A
  1. Steroid
  2. Feminine Secondary Sex Characteristics
  3. Menstrual Cycle, Wide Hips, Mammary Gland Dev.
29
Q

Definition of Testosterone

A
  1. Steroid
  2. Male Secondary Sex Characteristics
  3. Sperm Production, Deep Voice, Muscle Bulk, Facial Hair
30
Q

Definition of Proqesterone (2)

A
  1. Steroid
  2. Thickens uterine lining for pregnancy
31
Q

Definition of Cortisone

A
  1. Steroid
  2. Decreases Inflammation
32
Q

Definition of Aldestone (2)

A
  1. Steroid
  2. Increases H20 reabsorption by kidney

Advanced Biology (15 decks)

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