Unit Two - Biochemistry - Lipids Flashcards
Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic? Why? (4)
- Hydrophobic
- Lipids are nonpolar
- Water is Polar
- Polar and Nonpolar Repel Each Other
What monomers make up Triglycerides?
1 glycerol
3 fatty acids
What is the main function of Triglycerides? (2)
- Store Long - Term Energy
- 9 cal/g - 2.5X more energy than carbs and proteins
How do triglycerides play a role in animals and humans? (3)
- Blubber - Insulates Marine Animals
- Adipose - Insulates Humans
- Cushions Organs
What is the consequence of ingesting too much triglycerides? (4)
Heart Diseases
a. Cardiovascular disease
b. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
c. Blockage of Blood in a Heart Muscle
d. Atherosclerosis - Hardening of Arteries through Plaque Deposits
What does Atheroclerosis limit?
Blood Flow
a. Transport of O2
b. Transport of C6H12O6
What is the Structure of Glycerol? (2)
- Backbone of Triglycerides & Phospholipids
- 3 Carbon Atoms, each attached to FA
What is the structure of a general Fatty Acid?
- Carboxyl Group (COOH)
- Connected to a Hydrocarbon Chain
What is the structure of a saturated fatty acid? (4)
- No double bonds between carbons
- Straight chains
- Pack tightly together
- Fully Saturated with Hydrogen
What is the structure of an unsaturated fatty acid? (4)
- Double bonds between carbons
- Double bonds create kinks in chain
- Don’t pack tightly due to kinks
- Not fully saturated with H due to double bonds between carbon
Where are all of the differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids located?
Hydrocarbon Chain
What are property differences between unsaturated and saturated fats? (3/3)
Saturated
- Solid at RT
- From Animal Fat
- Contributes to Heart Disease
Unsaturated
- Liquid at RT
- From Plants
- Decreases Heart Disease
What are the three elements that make up lipids?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
What are the four types of lipids?
- Fats
- Waxes
- Steroids
- Phospholipids
What are the four functions of Lipids?
- Form Hormones
- Repel Water
- Forms Cell Membrane
- Long Term Energy Storage