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Unit Two - Biochemistry - Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic? Why? (3)

A
  1. Hydrophobic
  2. Lipids are nonpolar & H20 is polar
  3. Polar & Nonpolar Repel
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2
Q

What monomers make up Triglycerides?

A

1 glycerol & 3 FA

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3
Q

What is the main function of Triglycerides? (2)

A
  1. Store Long - Term Energy
  2. Stores 9 cal/g (2.5X more E than carbs & proteins)
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4
Q

How do triglycerides play a role in animals and humans? (3)

Read Through

A
  1. Blubber - Insulates Marine Animals
  2. Adipose - Insulates Humans
  3. Cushions Organs
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5
Q

What is the consequence of ingesting too much triglycerides? (4)

Read Through

A

Heart Diseases
a. Cardiovascular disease
b. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
c. Blockage of Blood in a Heart Muscle
d. Atherosclerosis - Hardening of Arteries through Plaque Deposits

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6
Q

What does Atherosclerosis limit?

Read Through

A

Blood Flow
a. Transport of O2
b. Transport of C6H12O6

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7
Q

What is of Glycerol? (2)

Function & Structure

A
  1. Backbone of Triglycerides & Phospholipids
  2. 3 C attached to 3 Hydroxyl Groups
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8
Q

What is the structure of a general Fatty Acid? (2)

A
  1. Carboxyl Group (COOH)
  2. Connected to a Hydrocarbon Chain
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9
Q

What is the structure of a saturated fatty acid? (4)

A
  1. No double bonds between C
  2. Compact, Straight chains
  3. Fully Saturated with H
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10
Q

What is the structure of an unsaturated fatty acid? (4)

A
  1. Double bonds between C
  2. Forms kinks in chain
  3. Don’t pack tightly due to kinks
  4. Not fully saturated with H (double bonds between C)
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11
Q

Where are all of the differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids located?

A

Hydrocarbon Chain

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12
Q

What are property differences between unsaturated and saturated fats? (3/3)

A

Saturated

  1. Solid at RT
  2. From Animal Fat
  3. Contributes to Heart Disease

Unsaturated

  1. Liquid at RT
  2. From Plants
  3. Decreases Heart Disease
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13
Q

What are the three elements that make up lipids?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

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14
Q

What are the four types of lipids?

A
  1. Fats
  2. Waxes
  3. Steroids
  4. Phospholipids
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15
Q

What are the four functions of Lipids?

A
  1. Form Hormones
  2. Repel Water
  3. Forms Cell Membrane
  4. Long Term Energy Storage
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16
Q

What function do Waxes have?

A

Repel Water

17
Q

What function do Steroids have?

18
Q

What function do phospholipids have?

A

Makes up lipid bilayer

19
Q

What is the strucure of a phopsholipid?

A
  1. Phosphate Head
  2. Fatty Acid Chain
20
Q

What are the properties of the phosphate head in a phospholipid?

A
  1. Hydrophllic/Polar
  2. Attracts to Water
  3. Phosphate group attached to glycerol
21
Q

What are the properties of the FA chain in a phospholipid? (3)

A
  1. Hydrophobic/Non Polar
  2. Repels Water
  3. Chain can be saturated or unsaturated
22
Q

How does the phospholipid structure assist in the formation of the lipid bilayer in the cell membrane? (5)

A
  1. In an aqueous environment
  2. Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer
  3. To keep their hydrophobic tails away from water
  4. And hydrophyllic heads facing the water
  5. Creates a stable barrier between the cell’s internal and external environment
23
Q

What is Bile? (6)

Role, Function, Made, Stored, Also Known AS

A
  1. Emulsifier - Mix fat w/ water
  2. Breaks fat to tiny droplets
  3. Enables breakdown by enzymes
  4. Made by Liver
  5. Stored in Galbladder
  6. AKA - Emulsification
24
Q

What is an example of a wax and its function? (4)

A
  1. Cutin
  2. Found on the surface of a leaf
  3. Prevents evaporation of water from leaf
  4. Retaining hydration
25
Q

Structure of Steroids (2)

A
  1. Lipid w/ steroid nucleus
  2. 4 fused rings
26
Q

Example of Steroids (3)

A
  1. Cholesterol
  2. Hormones
  3. Vitamin D
27
Q

Definition of Cholesterol (4)

A
  1. Main Steroid
  2. Seperates phospholids to increase fluidity
  3. Increases transport
  4. Too much cholesterol increases heart disease
28
Q

Definition of Estrogen (3)

A
  1. Steroid
  2. Feminine Secondary Sex Characteristics
  3. Menstrual Cycle, Wide Hips, Mammary Gland Dev.
29
Q

Definition of Testosterone (3)

A
  1. Steroid
  2. Male Secondary Sex Characteristics
  3. Sperm Production, Deep Voice, Muscle Bulk, Facial Hair
30
Q

Definition of Proqesterone (2)

A
  1. Steroid
  2. Thickens uterine lining for pregnancy
31
Q

Definition of Cortisone (2)

A
  1. Steroid
  2. Decreases Inflammation
32
Q

Definition of Aldestone (2)

A
  1. Steroid
  2. Increases H20 reabsorption by kidney

Advanced Biology (21 decks)

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