Unit Ten - Evolution

Question 1

Definition of Evolution (4)

Answer 1

1. Theory used to explain the change in a species overtime
2. Alteration of an existing species
3. Creation of a New Species
4. Not all change is evolution (change during one’s lifetime)

Question 2

Definition of Niche

Answer 2

Role or position an organism occupies in its ecosystem

Question 3

Definition of Species (3)

Answer 3

1. Group of organisms
2. Can reproduce w/eo
3. Produce fertile offspring

Question 4

Definition of Instant Speciation (2)

Answer 4

1. New species arises very rapidly
2. Polyploidy in Hybridization of Plants

Question 5

Definition of Macroevolution

Answer 5

Large-scale evolutionary changes that occur over long period
Ex: New species, genera, families

Question 6

Definition of Microevolution

Answer 6

Small-scale changes in the genetic makeup over a few generations (short)
Ex: Mutations & Natural Selection

Question 7

Definition of Allele Frequency (Microevolution)

Answer 7

If a certain allele provides a survival advantage, individuals with that allele are more likely to reproduce and pass it on, increasing its frequency in the population

Question 8

Definition of Lamarck’s theory of Evolution (4)

Answer 8

1. Evolution was driven by an organism’s desire/need to improve
2. Acquired (by need) - Traits used were exaggerated & traits not used were diminished
3. Offspring inherit traits achieved by parents
4. Theory discredited but paved the way for Natural Selection

Question 9

Definition of Darwin’s theory of Evolution (2)

Answer 9

1. Natural Selection
2. Fittest organisms with the best adapted traits survive & reproduce

Question 10

What factors contribute to natural selection? (3)

Answer 10

1. Overpopulation & Limited Resources
2. Creates Competition for Survival & Reproduction
3. Variation in population structure/behavior

Question 11

What are two theories accepted for Pace of Evolution?

Answer 11

Gradualism & Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 12

Definition of Gradualism (2)

Answer 12

1. Slow steady change over time
2. Change in allele frequencies over millions of years

Question 13

Definition of Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 13

Instant Speciation

Question 14

What are examples of evidence for evolution?

Answer 14

1. Fossil Record
2. Anatomical Similarities
3. Comparative Embryology
4. Biochemical DIfferences
5. DNA Hybridization

Question 15

Definition of Homologous Structures (2)

Answer 15

1. Same Structure, Different Function (Type of Anatomical Similarity)
2. Help demonstrate divergent evolution/common ancestor

Question 16

Definition of Divergent Evolution (4)

Answer 16

1. Two or more related species
2. Share a Common Ancestor
3. Adapt to Different Environments/Different Niche
4. Leads to difference in distinct traits/characteristics
   Ex: Darwin’s Finches (Beak Sizes)

Question 17

Definition of Analogous Structures (2)

Answer 17

1. Different Structure, Similar Function (Type of Anatomical Similarity)
2. Help demonstrate convergent evolution

Question 18

Definition of Convergent Evolution (3)

Answer 18

1. Unrelated species
2. Adapt to Same Environments/Same Niche
3. Develop similar traits/characteristics

Question 19

Definition of Comparative Embryology (4)

Answer 19

1. Adult animals are easily distinguishable
2. Early embryos are difficult to tell apart
3. Closer 2 organisms are related, the more similar parts are developed
4. Resembling embryos must share a common ancestor

Question 20

Definition of Biochemical Differences

Answer 20

Differences of Species on a Molecular Level (AA Sequence)

Question 21

Definition of Cladogram

Answer 21

Diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among groups

Question 22

Definition of Evolutionary Classification

Answer 22

1. Grouping of Organisms
2. Through Pattern of Evolution
3. Based on Physical & Microscopic - Level Appearance