Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Biology > Unit Two - Biochemistry - Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Unit Two - Biochemistry - Carbohydrates Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a similarity in most carbohydrate names?

A

-ose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three common atoms in carbs?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the atom ratio in Carbs?

A

1:2:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you mathematically find out the ratio of carbs?

A
  1. Formula - (CH₂O) N
  2. Divide by Oxygen

N - Number of carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the name of monomers in carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What structure do all carbs have?

A

Ring Structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Definition of Pentose (3)

A
  1. 5 carbons
  2. Pentagonal Structure
  3. C₅H₁₀O₅
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are two examples of pentose

A
  1. Ribose
  2. Deoxyribose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definition of Ribose (4)

A
  1. Pentose Monosacchride
  2. Sugar that makes up the RNA nucleotide
  3. Used to make protein
  4. C₅H₁₀O₅
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition of Deoxyribose (4)

A
  1. Pentose Monosacchride
  2. Sugar that makes up DNA nucleotide
  3. Genetic/Hereditary Material
  4. C₅H₁₀O₄

Difference of Deoxyribose and Ribose - oxygen is missing in DEOXYribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Definition of Hexose (3)

A
  1. 6 Carbon
  2. Hexagonal Structure
  3. C₆H₁₂O₆
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main function of hexose carbs?

A

Immediate energy source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Properties of Hexose (3)

A
  1. Can be transported through cell membrane due to small size
  2. Reactant for Cellular Respiration
  3. Product of Photosynthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are three examples of Hexose

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Galactose
  3. Fructose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glucose (3)

A
  1. Hexose Monosaccharides
  2. Made by plants during photosynthesis
  3. Primary Hexose, as it plays several roles in biology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Galactose

A
  1. Monosaccharide
  2. Found in milk

In combonation with glucose to make lactose in milk

17
Q

Fructose (4)

A
  1. Hexose Monosaccharide
  2. Pointed Tip in Molecular Structure
  3. Found in fruits
  4. Very sweet
18
Q

Definition of Isomers (4)

A
  1. Same Molecular Formula
  2. Different Structures
  3. Provides Different Properties
  4. Ex: Glucose, Galactose, Fructose
19
Q

Definition of Disaccharides (3)

A
  1. 2 Bonded Monosaccharides
  2. Formed by Dehydration Synthesis
  3. Digested through Hydrolysis
20
Q

Definition of Sucrose (2)

A
  1. Disaccharide
  2. Glucose + Fructose
21
Q

Definition of Lactose (2)

A
  1. Disaccharide
  2. Galactose + Glucose
22
Q

Definition of Maltose (3)

A
  1. Disaccharide
  2. Glucose + Glucose
  3. Seed Germination and Malt Bevarages
23
Q

Definition of Polysaccharide (3)

A
  1. Combo of Hundreds of Monosaccharides
  2. Formed by Dehydration Synthesis
  3. Digested by Hydrolysis
24
Q

What are three properties all polysaccharides have in common?

A
  1. Insoluble
  2. Can’t cross through cell membrane (size)
  3. Most are made of glucose monomers
25
Q

What are the two types of polysaccharides?

A
  1. Storage Polysaccharide
  2. Structural Polysaccharide
26
Q

Definition of Storage Polysacchrides

A

Store energy for organisms

Ex: Amylose (Starch) and Glycogen

27
Q

Definition of Structural Polysaccharides

A

Provide structural support/strength to cells

Ex: Cellulose and Chitin

28
Q

Definition of Glycogen (5)

A
  1. Storage Polysaccharide
  2. Found in animal’s liver and muscle
  3. Increase blood pressure
  4. By breaking down in glucose
  5. Structure on Diagram - Branches Out
29
Q

Definition of Starch (5)

A
  1. Storage Polysaccharide
  2. Obtain through plant digestion
  3. Broken down into glucose
  4. Gain energy
  5. In diagrams, glucose monomers have straight bonds

Also known as amalose

30
Q

Definition of Insulin (3)

A
  1. Hormone in Pancreas
  2. Regulate blood pressure
  3. Responsible to STORE excess glycogen as glucose
31
Q

Definition of Cellulose (3)

Type of Polysacchride, Function, Diagram Structure

A
  1. Structural Polysaccharide
  2. Builds plant cell walls
  3. In diagrams, glucose monomers have diagonal bonds
32
Q

Definition of Amylase (2)

A
  1. Enzyme in mouth
  2. Breaks amylose into glucose monomers
33
Q

What is interesting about cellulose in the human body?

A
  1. Not digestible because we do not have the enzyme that breaks it down
  2. We ingest it because it cleans out our intestines
34
Q

What is the Hydroxyl Group? (4)

A
  1. Oxygen bonded to hydrogen (OH)
  2. Found in alcohols and sugars
  3. Where Hydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis occurs
  4. Polar

Advanced Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions