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Advanced Biology > Unit Two - Biochemistry - Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Unit Two - Biochemistry - Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a similarity in most carbohydrate names?

A

-ose

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2
Q

What are the three common atoms in carbs?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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3
Q

What is the atom ratio in Carbs?

A

1:2:1

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4
Q

How do you mathematically find out the ratio of carbs?

A
  1. Formula - (CH₂O) N
  2. Divide by Oxygen

N - Number of carbons

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5
Q

What is the name of monomers in carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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6
Q

What structure do all carbs have?

A

Ring Structure

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7
Q

Definition of Pentose (3)

A
  1. 5 carbons
  2. Pentagonal Structure
  3. C₅H₁₀O₅
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8
Q

What are two examples of pentose

A
  1. Ribose
  2. Deoxyribose
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9
Q

Definition of Ribose (4)

A
  1. Pentose Monosacchride
  2. Sugar that makes up the RNA nucleotide
  3. Used to make protein
  4. C₅H₁₀O₅
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10
Q

Definition of Deoxyribose (4)

A
  1. Pentose Monosacchride
  2. Sugar that makes up DNA nucleotide
  3. Genetic/Hereditary Material
  4. C₅H₁₀O₄

Difference of Deoxyribose and Ribose - oxygen is missing in DEOXYribose

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11
Q

Definition of Hexose (3)

A
  1. 6 Carbon
  2. Hexagonal Structure
  3. C₆H₁₂O₆
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12
Q

What is the main function of hexose carbs?

A

Immediate energy source

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13
Q

Properties of Hexose (3)

A
  1. Can be transported through cell membrane due to small size
  2. Reactant for Cellular Respiration
  3. Product of Photosynthesis
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14
Q

What are three examples of Hexose

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Galactose
  3. Fructose
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15
Q

Glucose (3)

A
  1. Hexose Monosaccharides
  2. Made by plants during photosynthesis
  3. Primary Hexose, as it plays several roles in biology
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16
Q

Galactose

A
  1. Monosaccharide
  2. Found in milk

In combonation with glucose to make lactose in milk

17
Q

Fructose (4)

A
  1. Hexose Monosaccharide
  2. Pointed Tip in Molecular Structure
  3. Found in fruits
  4. Very sweet
18
Q

Definition of Isomers (4)

A
  1. Same Molecular Formula
  2. Different Structures
  3. Provides Different Properties
  4. Ex: Glucose, Galactose, Fructose
19
Q

Definition of Disaccharides (3)

A
  1. 2 Bonded Monosaccharides
  2. Formed by Dehydration Synthesis
  3. Digested through Hydrolysis
20
Q

Definition of Sucrose (2)

A
  1. Disaccharide
  2. Glucose + Fructose
21
Q

Definition of Lactose (2)

A
  1. Disaccharide
  2. Galactose + Glucose
22
Q

Definition of Maltose (3)

A
  1. Disaccharide
  2. Glucose + Glucose
  3. Seed Germination and Malt Bevarages
23
Q

Definition of Polysaccharide (3)

A
  1. Combo of Hundreds of Monosaccharides
  2. Formed by Dehydration Synthesis
  3. Digested by Hydrolysis
24
Q

What are three properties all polysaccharides have in common?

A
  1. Insoluble
  2. Can’t cross through cell membrane (size)
  3. Most are made of glucose monomers
25
Q

What are the two types of polysaccharides?

A
  1. Storage Polysaccharide
  2. Structural Polysaccharide
26
Q

Definition of Storage Polysacchrides

A

Store energy for organisms

Ex: Amylose (Starch) and Glycogen

27
Q

Definition of Structural Polysaccharides

A

Provide structural support/strength to cells

Ex: Cellulose and Chitin

28
Q

Definition of Glycogen (5)

A
  1. Storage Polysaccharide
  2. Found in animal’s liver and muscle
  3. Increase blood pressure
  4. By breaking down in glucose
  5. Structure on Diagram - Branches Out
29
Q

Definition of Starch (5)

A
  1. Storage Polysaccharide
  2. Obtain through plant digestion
  3. Broken down into glucose
  4. Gain energy
  5. In diagrams, glucose monomers have straight bonds

Also known as amalose

30
Q

Definition of Insulin (3)

A
  1. Hormone in Pancreas
  2. Regulate blood pressure
  3. Responsible to STORE excess glycogen as glucose
31
Q

Definition of Cellulose (3)

Type of Polysacchride, Function, Diagram Structure

A
  1. Structural Polysaccharide
  2. Builds plant cell walls
  3. In diagrams, glucose monomers have diagonal bonds
32
Q

Definition of Amylase (2)

A
  1. Enzyme in mouth
  2. Breaks amylose into glucose monomers
33
Q

What is interesting about cellulose in the human body?

A
  1. Not digestible because we do not have the enzyme that breaks it down
  2. We ingest it because it cleans out our intestines
34
Q

What is the Hydroxyl Group? (4)

A
  1. Oxygen bonded to hydrogen (OH)
  2. Found in alcohols and sugars
  3. Where Hydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis occurs
  4. Polar

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