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Advanced Biology > Unit Four - Cells - Cell Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Unit Four - Cells - Cell Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Passive Transport (3)

A
  1. No Energy
  2. Moves Hi - Lo
  3. Goal: Reach Equilibrium
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2
Q

Definition of Active Transport (2)

A
  1. Use E
  2. Lo to Hi
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3
Q

What are the 3 types of passive transport?

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Facilitated Diffusion
  3. Osmosis
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4
Q

Definition of Diffusion (2)

Definition, Dependence

A
  1. Movement of molecules across CM
  2. Dependent on concentration gradient & equillibrium
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5
Q

Synonym for Dynamic Equilibrium

A

No Net Change/Homeostasis

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6
Q

Meaning of “No Net Change” (4)

A
  1. Despite constant movement of molecules
  2. The total amount of molecules
  3. On both sides of the membrane
  4. Are the same
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7
Q

What happens to the molecules when it finally reaches dynamic equilibrium in diffusion? (3)

A
  1. There is a constant movement/ exchange of molecules
  2. There is no net change occurring
  3. Dynamic Equilibrium is still maintained
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8
Q

Are molecules dependent on each other when moving along a gradient?

A

Each molecule is only dependent to its own classification of molecules

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9
Q

Definition of Concentration Gradient

A

Difference in concentration of substances between two regions

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10
Q

Definition of Facilitated Diffusion (2)

Definition & Effect

A
  1. Diffusion w/ a transmembrane protein
  2. Increase in rate of diffusion
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11
Q

What are the 3 types of carrier proteins?

A
  1. Uniport
  2. Symport
  3. Antiport
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12
Q

What is an uniport carrier protein? (2)

A
  1. Transport 1 type of mol.
  2. In 1 direction
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13
Q

What is an symport carrier protein? (2)

A
  1. Transport 2 types of mol.
  2. In 1 direction
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14
Q

What is an antiport carrier protein? (2)

A
  1. Transport 2 types of mol.
  2. In 2 directions
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15
Q

Definition of Osmosis

A

Diffusion of Water across CM

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16
Q

What is the main factor that contributes to the direction of osmosis?

A

Solute Concentration on sides of CM

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17
Q

What are the three different types of transmembrane proteins?

A
  1. Channel
  2. Carrier
  3. Gated Channel
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18
Q

What two types of molecules cannot pass the membrane without the aid of proteins?

A
  1. Polar Molecules
  2. Ions
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19
Q

Definition of Channel Proteins

A

Hydrophilic channel

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20
Q

Definition of Carrier Protein (2)

A
  1. Binds to solute
  2. Protein undergoes a change in shape
21
Q

Definition of Gated Channel (2)

A
  1. Hydrophyllic Channel
  2. Opens/Close in response to stimulus
22
Q

What are 3 selectivity filters that determines if a molecule can pass through the transmembrane protein?

A
  1. Size & Shape
  2. Bonds between Channel & Molecule/Ions
  3. Charge of Ions
23
Q

How does the aquaporin channel work? (4)

A
  1. H20 travel through hydrophobic section
  2. Reaches narrowest part
  3. Binds to 2 N
  4. Exits/Enters Cell
24
Q

How does the Sodium channel work? (2)

A
  1. Sodium ion reaches narrowest section
  2. Sodium gets hydrated with H20 to pass
25
Q

Why can’t sodium pass through the potassium channel? (5)

A
  1. Specific arrangement of oxygen atoms in the channel bond
  2. Responsible for stripping H20 from K
  3. Oxygen DOESN’T ALIGN with Na
  4. Na doesn’t pass the selectivity filter due to the bond between ion and channel
26
Q

Why can’t potassium pass through the sodium channel? (4)

A
  1. Although K+ also has a positive charge
  2. It’s TOO BIG to get hydrated with H20
  3. Cannot pass thru narrow section of protein
  4. Potassium doesn’t pass the selectivity filter due to the size

(Size)

27
Q

How does the Potassium Channel work?

A

Channel narrows, so K+ is stripped of H20

28
Q

How does the Sodium & Potassium Pump work? (10)

A
  1. 3 Na+ binds to protein
  2. Phosphate group is released from ATP which becomes ADP
  3. Phosphate group binds to the pump
  4. Pump goes thru a change in shape
  5. K+ Binding Site then Opens
  6. Na+ exits cell
  7. 2 K+ binds to protein
  8. Pump releases phosphate group
  9. Pump goes thru a change in shape
  10. 2 K+ enters the cell
    (Maintains a Nerve at Rest)
29
Q

Definition of Isotonic Solution (animal cell, 3)

A
  1. Slight Salt Concentration
  2. Equilibrium was achieved
  3. No osmosis occurred
    IDEAL FOR ANIMAL CELL
30
Q

What does the Isotonic Solution do to the plant cell? (3)

Cause & Result

A
  1. Not ENOUGH water enters the cell
  2. To reach the optimal turgor pressure
  3. Plants become flaccid/wilts
31
Q

Definition of Hypotonic Solution (3)

A
  1. Solute Concc. is lower outside
  2. Solvent Concentration is higher outside
  3. Water ENTERS the cell (Flows hi - lo)
32
Q

What does the Hypotonic Solution do to the plant and animal cell? (3)

Cause, Animal Result, Plant Result

A
  1. Water enters cell (out. hi. solvent conc.)
  2. Animal - Cell lyses/bursts
  3. Plant - IDEAL, Turgid, Crisp, Full Vacuole
33
Q

Definition of Hypertonic Solution (3)

A
  1. Solute Concentration is higher outside
  2. Solvent Concentration is lower outside
  3. Water LEAVES the cell (Flows hi to lo)
34
Q

What does the Hypertonic Solution do to the plant and animal cell

Cause, Animal Result, Plant Result

A
  1. Water leaves cell (in. hi. solvent conc.)
  2. Animal - Cell CRENATES
  3. Plant - Plasmolysis, Cell Death
35
Q

Definition of Plasmolysis (Cause, Occurrence, Effect)

A
  1. Cause: Water loss in central vacuole
  2. CM pulls away from the cell wall
  3. Cell death
36
Q

What are the two types of active transport?

A
  1. Facilitated (protein/pump)
  2. Bulk Transport
37
Q

What is bulk transport? (3)

A
  1. Large molecules. across CM
  2. Can’t pass thru the CM directly
  3. Packaged in vesicles/vacuoles

(Can also move large quantities of a substance)

38
Q

What is Active Transport via Pump? (3)

A
  1. Uses ATP
  2. Powers change in protein shape
  3. For transportation against Conc. Grad.
39
Q

What are the 4 factors that affect the rate of Passive Transport?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Size of Molecules
  3. Size of Concentration Gradient
  4. Number of Transport Proteins
40
Q

How does Temp. affect the rate of Active and Passive Transport?

A

Higher Temp = Higher Rate
Molecules move faster

41
Q

How does the size of molecules affect the rate of Active and Passive Transport?

A

Smaller Size = Higher Rate
Smaller molecules pass thru proteins/pores faster

42
Q

How does the size of the concentration gradient affect the rate of Passive Transport?

A

Higher Gradient = Higher Rate
Farther from Equilibrium, more molecules pass thru CM
Close to Equilibrium, less molecules pass thru CM

43
Q

Definition of Endocytosis

A

Cell takes in materials from external environment

44
Q

Definition of Phagocytosis (3)

A
  1. Type of Endocytosis
  2. Cell engulfs large particles
  3. Extends its membrane around particle

(Cell EATING)

45
Q

Definition of Pinocytosis (3)

A
  1. Endocytosis
  2. Cell engulfs extracellular fluid/dissolved particles
  3. Extends its membrane around solution
    (Cell DRINKING)
46
Q

Definition of Exocytosis

A

Cell EXPELS waste

47
Q

Definition of Excretion

A

Removal of metabolic waste
(urine, sweat and exhale)

48
Q

Definition of Secretion

A

Production and release of substances
(Saliva, Digestive Enzymes, Sebum)

Advanced Biology (20 decks)

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