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Advanced Biology > Unit Four - Cells - Organelles > Flashcards

Unit Four - Cells - Organelles Flashcards

Organelles, Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes, Cell Theory, Endosymbiotic Theory

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1
Q

Definition of Cytoplasm (3)

Makeup and Location

A
  1. Viscous Fluid
  2. H20, minerals, organic mol. & organelles
  3. Located between cell membrane and nucleus membrane
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2
Q

Definition of Cytosol

A

Intercellular fluid

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3
Q

Definition of Prokaryotic Cells (3)

A
  1. No membrane bound nucleus
  2. No membrane bound organelles
  3. Contain DNA
    Ex: Bacteria
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4
Q

Definition of Eukaryote Cells (2)

A
  1. Contains membrane bound nucleus
  2. Contains membrane bound organelles
    Ex: Plant, Animal, Fungus, Protist
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5
Q

Definition of Ribosomes
Site, Function, Location

A
  1. Site of Protein Synthesis
  2. Where AA are assembled into proteins
  3. Found in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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6
Q

Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum (2)

A
  1. Tunnels for molecules
  2. For transport through cytoplasm and out of the cell
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7
Q

Definition of Rough ER (2)

A
  1. Contains ribosomes
  2. Synthesize and Transport Proteins
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8
Q

HOW does Rough ER transport proteins?

A

Forms Vesicule/Vacuoles to send Proteins to the Golgi Body

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9
Q

Definition of Smooth ER (3)

A
  1. Lacks ribosomes
  2. Synthesizes Lipids
  3. Detoxifies drugs, poisons & alcohol in liver
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10
Q

Where is the rough and smooth ER located?

A

NEAR NUCLEUS

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11
Q

Functions of Golgi Body/Apparatus (3)

A
  1. Build carbs from monosaccharides
  2. Packages molecules for transport
  3. PRODUCES LYSOSOMES
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12
Q

How does the Golgi Apparatus process molecules? (4)

A
  1. Modifies proteins & lipids
  2. Encases substances in vesicles
  3. Adds carb tags to guide final destinations
  4. Sends substance out of cell/to organelles
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13
Q

Definition of Mitochondria (2)
Site, Function, Structure

A
  1. Site of cellular respiration (produce E)
  2. Folded membrane increase SA, increase E
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14
Q

Definition of Lysosome (3)
Structure, Function, Location

A
  1. Contains Hydrolytic Enzymes
  2. Digest old cell parts, nutrients, & invaders
  3. ONLY found in animal cells
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15
Q

Definition of Cytoskeleton (2)
Function, Structure

A
  1. Provides structure and shape for cell
  2. Made of Microtubule and Microfilaments
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16
Q

Structure of Nucleus (4)

A
  1. Contains DNA
  2. Surrounded by nuclear membrane
  3. Contains nucleolus
  4. ONLY found in Eukaryotic cells
17
Q

Function of Nucleus

A

Contains DNA that forms mRNA

18
Q

Function of Nucleolus (2)

A
  1. Rich in RNA
  2. Forms Ribosomes
19
Q

Definition of Microfilaments (4)
Structure, Functions

A
  1. Long thin protein fibers
  2. Provide cell shape
  3. Enable movement
  4. Aids in mitosis
20
Q

Definition of Microtubules (4)
2 Structure, 2 Function

A
  1. Hollow tubes
  2. Compose cilia, flagella AND CENTRIOLES
  3. Maintain cell shape
  4. Form spindle fibers for chromosome movement in mitosis
21
Q

Definition of Cilia (2)
Structure, Function

A
  1. Microtubules outside cell membrane
  2. Aids in movement of cells
22
Q

Definition of Flagella (2)
Structure, Function

A
  1. Large single microtubule for membrane
  2. Aids in movement of cells
23
Q

Definition of Centrioles (3)
Location, 2 Function

A
  1. Only found in animal cells
  2. Pull Chromosomes apart in mitosis
  3. Ensures all cell parts are divided equally
24
Q

Definition of Cell Wall (3)
Composition, Location, Function

A
  1. Made of Cellulose
  2. Not found in animal cells
  3. Tough protective covering outside of CM
25
Q

Definition of Vacuole (2)

A
  1. Storage sac for water and other substances
  2. In plants, aids structure through turgor pressure
26
Q

Definition of Turgor Pressure (2)

A
  1. Water pushing cytoplasm onto cell membrane
  2. Helps maintain cell shape in plant cells
27
Q

Definition of Chloroplast (3)
Site, Function, Structure

A
  1. Site of photosynthesis
  2. Chlorophyll absorbs light, producing glucose
  3. Have own DNA
28
Q

Definition of Cell Theory (4)

A
  1. All living things are made of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of life
  3. All cells come from preexisting cells
  4. Cell contain DNA that is passed on in mitosis
29
Q

Exceptions to Cell Theory (3)

A
  1. First Cell
  2. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts reproduce due to their own DNA
  3. Viruses have their own genetic material, so it can reproduce in the host cell
30
Q

Definition of the Endosymbiotic Theory
Where did Mitochondria and chloroplasts come from? (4)

A
  1. M&C was prokaryotic cell engulfed in eukaryotic cell
  2. Mutualistic ++ Relationship
  3. M&C provided food/energy
  4. Host cell offered protection and nutrients
31
Q

What makes people think that mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally prokaryotic? (4)

A
  1. Has a double membrane
  2. DNA
  3. Ribosomes
  4. Ability to reproduce

Advanced Biology (12 decks)

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