Unit Exam 1 Study Guide

Question 1

The ______ evaluates the tumor size, nodal environment, and mestastic process.

Answer 1

TNM staging system

Question 2

When______ is undertaken, attempts are made to remove the tumor and it’s surrounding tissue.

Answer 2

Surgery

Question 3

Ionizing radiation is used to cause cancer cellular mutation and interrupts the tumors blood supply.

Answer 3

Radiation therapy

Question 4

Is a newer type of treatment that uses drugs to identify and stack cancer cells while sparring normal cells

Answer 4

Targeted therapy

Question 5

Involves administering specific hormones that inhibit growth of certain cancers

Answer 5

Hormone therapy

Question 6

Focuses on specific immune agents to alter cells the hosts biological response to cancer

Answer 6

Immunotherapy

Question 7

Precisely deceivers heat to a small area of cells or part of the body to destroy tumor cells.

Answer 7

Hyperthermia

Question 8

Transplants may include peripheral blood, bone marrow, or umbilical cord blood. These transplants are used to restore stem cells in bone marrow destroyed by disease or treatment

Answer 8

Stem cells.

Question 9

Specific drugs are combined with light to kill cancer cells; these drugs work only when they are activated by certain types of light.

Answer 9

Photodynamic therapy

Question 10

May be used to shrink or destroy a tumor through application of heat, perform precise cuts in surgery, or activate a chemical.

Answer 10

Lasers

Question 11

With ______ allergens activate T cells, which bind to mast cells. These T cells stimulate B cells to produce IGE antibodies specific to the antigen, which usually is environmental.

Answer 11

Hypersensitivity

Question 12

The difference between a normal immune response and a type 1 hypersensitivity response is that the antibody produced is ______ instead of IGa, IgG, or IgM.

Answer 12

IgE

Question 13

Treatment of Type 1 hypersensitivity include _________all of which suppress inflammatory response

Answer 13

Epinephrine
Antihistamines
Corticosteroids
Desentizing injections

Question 14

More than 80 diseases are classified as autoimmune disorders including

Answer 14

SLE
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
Type 1 diabetes
Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 15

In ______, the body’s normal defenses become self destructive that is, they perceive the self as foreign

Answer 15

Autoimmune

Question 16

This potentially life threatening type of reaction occurs only with bone marrow transplants

Answer 16

Graft versus host disease

Question 17

Affects women more often than men

Answer 17

Autoimmune

Question 18

Occurs 9 times more often in women than in men, especially between the ages of 15 and 50, and is more common in Asians and African Americans.

Answer 18

SLE

Question 19

HIV is transmitted through direct contact with

Answer 19

Infected blood
Body fluids
Breast milk, vaginal secretions, semen, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva
Blood products

Question 20

Hemophilia treatment

Answer 20

Replace clotting factors through transfusions and advate

Give Factor VIII concentrations @home

Mild hemophilia maybe treated with DDVAP which helps the body release factor 9

Question 21

In about 15-20 % of cases(hemophilia) , individuals develop antibodies (inhibitors) that prevent coagulation. Treatment for bleeding episodes in these patients can be difficult. In addition to aggressive treatment for bleeding, __________ may be necessary to stop the inhibitors

Answer 21

Immune tolerance therapy

Question 22

Approximately 1% of the body’s blood cells must be replaced daily. This process requires an adequate supply of

Answer 22

Hematopoietic stem cells.

Question 23

In adults, ________ of the erythrocytes and platelets occurs primarily in the bone marrow. But it may also occur in the spleen and liver in infants and children.

Answer 23

Hematopoiesis

Question 24

Results from excessive destruction or hemolysis of erythrocytes. Can result result from idiopathic causes, autoimmune disorders, genetics, infections, blood transfusion reactions and blood incompatibility in the neo Nate

Answer 24

Hemolytic anemia

Question 25

Can start in any lymph node of the body but arise in the lymph nodes of the upper body

Answer 25

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 26

The cancer cells of Hodgkin lymphoma are unique: they are called

Answer 26

Reed Sternberg cells or Hodgkin cells

Question 27

Clinical manifestations of Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 27

Swollen painless lymph nodes
Retrosternal chest pain; SOB,
Weight loss
Fever
Night sweats
Pruritis
Malaise
Recurrent infections
Splenomegaly