Unit Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards
The ______ evaluates the tumor size, nodal environment, and mestastic process.
TNM staging system
When______ is undertaken, attempts are made to remove the tumor and it’s surrounding tissue.
Surgery
Ionizing radiation is used to cause cancer cellular mutation and interrupts the tumors blood supply.
Radiation therapy
Is a newer type of treatment that uses drugs to identify and stack cancer cells while sparring normal cells
Targeted therapy
Involves administering specific hormones that inhibit growth of certain cancers
Hormone therapy
Focuses on specific immune agents to alter cells the hosts biological response to cancer
Immunotherapy
Precisely deceivers heat to a small area of cells or part of the body to destroy tumor cells.
Hyperthermia
Transplants may include peripheral blood, bone marrow, or umbilical cord blood. These transplants are used to restore stem cells in bone marrow destroyed by disease or treatment
Stem cells.
Specific drugs are combined with light to kill cancer cells; these drugs work only when they are activated by certain types of light.
Photodynamic therapy
May be used to shrink or destroy a tumor through application of heat, perform precise cuts in surgery, or activate a chemical.
Lasers
With ______ allergens activate T cells, which bind to mast cells. These T cells stimulate B cells to produce IGE antibodies specific to the antigen, which usually is environmental.
Hypersensitivity
The difference between a normal immune response and a type 1 hypersensitivity response is that the antibody produced is ______ instead of IGa, IgG, or IgM.
IgE
Treatment of Type 1 hypersensitivity include _________all of which suppress inflammatory response
Epinephrine
Antihistamines
Corticosteroids
Desentizing injections
More than 80 diseases are classified as autoimmune disorders including
SLE
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
Type 1 diabetes
Rheumatoid arthritis
In ______, the body’s normal defenses become self destructive that is, they perceive the self as foreign
Autoimmune
This potentially life threatening type of reaction occurs only with bone marrow transplants
Graft versus host disease
Affects women more often than men
Autoimmune
Occurs 9 times more often in women than in men, especially between the ages of 15 and 50, and is more common in Asians and African Americans.
SLE
HIV is transmitted through direct contact with
Infected blood
Body fluids
Breast milk, vaginal secretions, semen, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva
Blood products
Hemophilia treatment
Replace clotting factors through transfusions and advate
Give Factor VIII concentrations @home
Mild hemophilia maybe treated with DDVAP which helps the body release factor 9
In about 15-20 % of cases(hemophilia) , individuals develop antibodies (inhibitors) that prevent coagulation. Treatment for bleeding episodes in these patients can be difficult. In addition to aggressive treatment for bleeding, __________ may be necessary to stop the inhibitors
Immune tolerance therapy
Approximately 1% of the body’s blood cells must be replaced daily. This process requires an adequate supply of
Hematopoietic stem cells.
In adults, ________ of the erythrocytes and platelets occurs primarily in the bone marrow. But it may also occur in the spleen and liver in infants and children.
Hematopoiesis
Results from excessive destruction or hemolysis of erythrocytes. Can result result from idiopathic causes, autoimmune disorders, genetics, infections, blood transfusion reactions and blood incompatibility in the neo Nate
Hemolytic anemia
Can start in any lymph node of the body but arise in the lymph nodes of the upper body
Hodgkin lymphoma
The cancer cells of Hodgkin lymphoma are unique: they are called
Reed Sternberg cells or Hodgkin cells
Clinical manifestations of Hodgkin lymphoma
Swollen painless lymph nodes
Retrosternal chest pain; SOB,
Weight loss
Fever
Night sweats
Pruritis
Malaise
Recurrent infections
Splenomegaly
