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Pathophsyiology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Is a chronic pulmonary disease that produces intermittent reversible air way obstruction

A

Asthma

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2
Q

It is characterized by acute airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, bronchospasm, bronchiole edema, and mucus production

A

Asthma

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3
Q

Also referred to as nasopharngitis, and the common cold, is a viral upper respiratory infection.

A

Infectious rhinitis

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4
Q

Most people acquire this type of pneumonia from inhaling bacteria as they are spread by an air conditioning system or spa.

A

Legionaries disease

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5
Q

Is specific type of pneumonia that is caused by legionella pneumophilia

A

Legionaries disease

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6
Q

Changes the cells that produce mucus, sweat, saliva, and digestive secretions. Instead of lubricating the respiratory tract, these secretions occlude the airways, ducts, and passageways. This occlusion leads to atelectasis and permanent damage

A

Cystic fibrosis

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7
Q

Respiratory failure is the most common cause of death in people who have _______

A

Cystic fibrosis

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8
Q

Is an inherited, progressive disorder of the mucus and sweat glands that primarily affects the lungs and pancreas, but also impacts the liver, intestines, sinuses, sweat glands and sex organs

A

Cystic fibrosis

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9
Q

Symptoms of lung cancer usually do not appear until the cancer is advanced. Clinical manifestations of lung cancer are insidious because they mimic the signs of smoking, including:

A

Persistent cough
DyspnEA
HEMOPTYSIS

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10
Q

coughing up blood or bloody sputum

It is also a sign and symptom of lung cancer and tuberculosis

A

Hemopytysis

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11
Q

For a Tb skin test__________ is injected just below the dermis.

A

Purified protein derivative tuberculin

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12
Q

Is a common viral infection in children 6 months to 6 years of age

A

Croup

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13
Q

Clinical manifestations of croup

A

Low grade fever
Nasal congestion
Sore throat
Seal like bark
Hoarseness
Inspiratory stridor
Wheezes rales
Dyspnea

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14
Q

Is highly adaptive and the most common type of influenza virus

A

Influenza type A

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15
Q

This type is usually responsible for the most serious epidemics and global pandemics, such as those that occurred in the United States in 1918, 1957, 1968, and 2009.

A

Type A influenza

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16
Q

The virus is transmitted through inhalation and respiratory droplets.
The 2018-2019 US flu season saw mostly _________ ?

A

Influenza type A H1N1 and H3N2

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17
Q

Clinical manifestations of the Flu

A

Fever headache
Chills dry cough
Body aches
Nasal congestion
Sore throat
Sweating
Malaise
Vomiting and diarrhea

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18
Q

Is an accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural cavity

A

Pleural effusion

19
Q

An abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably.

A

Orthopnea

20
Q

It occurs in many disorders of the cardiac and respiratory systems, such as asthma, emphysema, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, heart failure, and angina pectoris.

A

Orthopnea

21
Q

Assessment includes noting the number of pillows used by patient during sleep, patients with ______ also report sleeping in recliners

A

Orthopnea

22
Q

An abnormal deficiency in the concentration of oxygen in arterial blood.

A

Hypoxemia

23
Q

Air in the pleural cavity. The presence of atmospheric air in the pleural and separation to pleural membranes can lead to atelectasis. The pressure can cause a partial or complete collapse of the lung

A

Pneumothorax

24
Q

The structures of the upper respiratory tract

A

Mouth
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

25
Q

The structures of the lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea
Bronchioles
Bronchi
Alveoli

26
Q

Is often the result of a strong immune reaction to an allergen

A

Asthma

27
Q

Is a life threatening prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to usual treatment

A

Status asthmaticus

28
Q

A crease maybe present on top of the nose from an upward wiping away of drainage (nasal salute)

A

Infectious rhinitis

29
Q

Is an inflammation of the sinus cavities

A

Rhinosinuitis

30
Q

The inflammatory response that is triggered by these events causes the epiglottis to quickly swell and block air from entering the trachea, leading to respiratory failure. The swelling is most dangerous in children because their airways are smaller.

A

Epiglottis

31
Q

The vocal cords become irritated and edematous because of the inflammatory process.
Can also be associated with croup and epiglottis
Inflammation of the larynx

A

Laryngitis

32
Q

Generally affects the larynx and trachea but may sometimes extend to the bronchi

A

Croup

33
Q

Seal like barking cough (because of laryngeal swelling)

A

Croup

34
Q

Is an inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree or large bronchi that frequently follows an upper respiratory infection

A

Acute bronchitis

35
Q

Refers to a common acute inflammation of the bronchioles usually resulting from a viral infection, which is frequently caused by the respiratory syncytial virus RSV

A

Bronchiolitis

36
Q

Refers to inflammation of the lung, which may be triggered by numerous infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) and injurious agents or events (aspiration or smoke)

A

Pneumonia

37
Q

The virus spreads from an upper respiratory tract to the bronchioles, causing epithelial necrosis and triggering inflammation

A

Bronchiolitis

38
Q

Aspiration of gastric contents, endotracheal intubation, respiratory suctioning, and inhalation of smoke or chemicals

A

Aspiration pneumonia

39
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for 75% of all cases of ?

A

Pneumonia

40
Q

Is confined to a single lobar

A

Lobar pneumonia

41
Q

The most frequent type, is a patchy pneumonia spread throughout several lobes

A

Bronchopneumonia

42
Q

Atypical pneumonia Occurs in areas between the alveoli

A

Interstitial pneumonia

43
Q

Remains a major cause of illness, with one fourth of the worlds population being infected

A

Tuberculosis

44
Q

Is often considered an opportunistic infection because it is more likely to become active in someone with a weakened immune system

A

Tuberculosis

Pathophsyiology (15 decks)

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