Chapter 5 Flashcards
Is a chronic pulmonary disease that produces intermittent reversible air way obstruction
Asthma
It is characterized by acute airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, bronchospasm, bronchiole edema, and mucus production
Asthma
Also referred to as nasopharngitis, and the common cold, is a viral upper respiratory infection.
Infectious rhinitis
Most people acquire this type of pneumonia from inhaling bacteria as they are spread by an air conditioning system or spa.
Legionaries disease
Is specific type of pneumonia that is caused by legionella pneumophilia
Legionaries disease
Changes the cells that produce mucus, sweat, saliva, and digestive secretions. Instead of lubricating the respiratory tract, these secretions occlude the airways, ducts, and passageways. This occlusion leads to atelectasis and permanent damage
Cystic fibrosis
Respiratory failure is the most common cause of death in people who have _______
Cystic fibrosis
Is an inherited, progressive disorder of the mucus and sweat glands that primarily affects the lungs and pancreas, but also impacts the liver, intestines, sinuses, sweat glands and sex organs
Cystic fibrosis
Symptoms of lung cancer usually do not appear until the cancer is advanced. Clinical manifestations of lung cancer are insidious because they mimic the signs of smoking, including:
Persistent cough
DyspnEA
HEMOPTYSIS
coughing up blood or bloody sputum
It is also a sign and symptom of lung cancer and tuberculosis
Hemopytysis
For a Tb skin test__________ is injected just below the dermis.
Purified protein derivative tuberculin
Is a common viral infection in children 6 months to 6 years of age
Croup
Clinical manifestations of croup
Low grade fever
Nasal congestion
Sore throat
Seal like bark
Hoarseness
Inspiratory stridor
Wheezes rales
Dyspnea
Is highly adaptive and the most common type of influenza virus
Influenza type A
This type is usually responsible for the most serious epidemics and global pandemics, such as those that occurred in the United States in 1918, 1957, 1968, and 2009.
Type A influenza
The virus is transmitted through inhalation and respiratory droplets.
The 2018-2019 US flu season saw mostly _________ ?
Influenza type A H1N1 and H3N2
Clinical manifestations of the Flu
Fever headache
Chills dry cough
Body aches
Nasal congestion
Sore throat
Sweating
Malaise
Vomiting and diarrhea
Is an accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural cavity
Pleural effusion
An abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably.
Orthopnea
It occurs in many disorders of the cardiac and respiratory systems, such as asthma, emphysema, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, heart failure, and angina pectoris.
Orthopnea
Assessment includes noting the number of pillows used by patient during sleep, patients with ______ also report sleeping in recliners
Orthopnea
An abnormal deficiency in the concentration of oxygen in arterial blood.
Hypoxemia
Air in the pleural cavity. The presence of atmospheric air in the pleural and separation to pleural membranes can lead to atelectasis. The pressure can cause a partial or complete collapse of the lung
Pneumothorax
The structures of the upper respiratory tract
Mouth
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
The structures of the lower respiratory tract
Trachea
Bronchioles
Bronchi
Alveoli
Is often the result of a strong immune reaction to an allergen
Asthma
Is a life threatening prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to usual treatment
Status asthmaticus
A crease maybe present on top of the nose from an upward wiping away of drainage (nasal salute)
Infectious rhinitis
Is an inflammation of the sinus cavities
Rhinosinuitis
The inflammatory response that is triggered by these events causes the epiglottis to quickly swell and block air from entering the trachea, leading to respiratory failure. The swelling is most dangerous in children because their airways are smaller.
Epiglottis
The vocal cords become irritated and edematous because of the inflammatory process.
Can also be associated with croup and epiglottis
Inflammation of the larynx
Laryngitis
Generally affects the larynx and trachea but may sometimes extend to the bronchi
Croup
Seal like barking cough (because of laryngeal swelling)
Croup
Is an inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree or large bronchi that frequently follows an upper respiratory infection
Acute bronchitis
Refers to a common acute inflammation of the bronchioles usually resulting from a viral infection, which is frequently caused by the respiratory syncytial virus RSV
Bronchiolitis
Refers to inflammation of the lung, which may be triggered by numerous infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) and injurious agents or events (aspiration or smoke)
Pneumonia
The virus spreads from an upper respiratory tract to the bronchioles, causing epithelial necrosis and triggering inflammation
Bronchiolitis
Aspiration of gastric contents, endotracheal intubation, respiratory suctioning, and inhalation of smoke or chemicals
Aspiration pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for 75% of all cases of ?
Pneumonia
Is confined to a single lobar
Lobar pneumonia
The most frequent type, is a patchy pneumonia spread throughout several lobes
Bronchopneumonia
Atypical pneumonia Occurs in areas between the alveoli
Interstitial pneumonia
Remains a major cause of illness, with one fourth of the worlds population being infected
Tuberculosis
Is often considered an opportunistic infection because it is more likely to become active in someone with a weakened immune system
Tuberculosis
