Chapter 11 Neural Function

Question 1

Meningitis is an inflammation of ?

Answer 1

Meninges covering the brain

Question 2

Another name for a stroke is ?

Answer 2

Cerebrovascular accident

Question 3

The greatest risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 3

Hypertension

Question 4

A brief interruption of brain function frequently caused by a fall or trauma to the head is called ?

Answer 4

Concussion

Question 5

Which of the following is a chemical which crosses the gap between one neuron and the next neuron, or between the neuron and a muscle

Answer 5

Neurotransmitter

Question 6

Is the correct term for the inability to speak

Answer 6

Aphasia

Question 7

Is a syndrome of recurring episodes of excessive electrical activity of the brain commonly causing involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles

Answer 7

Seizure disorder

Question 8

Pain, as described by the patient is ?

Answer 8

Subjective and individualized

Question 9

Intracranial pressure is present when cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the skull when the patient has this condition

Answer 9

Hydrocephalus

Question 10

Treatment for hydrocephalus includes

Answer 10

Surgery to insert a shunt

Question 11

Is a debilitating Nuero inflammatory disease that involves an abnormal immune mediated process directed against the CNS, causing progressive and irreversible demyelination of brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerve neurons

Answer 11

Multiple sclerosis

Question 12

The inflammatory damage occurs in diffuse patches throughout the nervous system and slows or stops nerve impulses. As the disease progresses, the Brain cortex atrophies, and scar tissue plaque develops throughout the white matter

Answer 12

Multiple sclerosis

Question 13

Are often called mini strokes because these neurologic deficits mimic a cerebrovascular accident or stroke except that the deficits resolve within 24 hours.

Answer 13

TIA

Question 14

Is most often caused by viral infections associated with enterovirus, West Nile virus, influenza, HIv, and herpes

Answer 14

Meningitis

Question 15

Also called Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive disease that Involves damage to the upper motor neurons of the brain stem and spinal cord that control voluntary movement.

Answer 15

Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis AlS

Question 16

Is an infarction of the brain often called a brain attack

Answer 16

CVA

Question 17

_________ Are the most common, ________ are the deadliest

Answer 17

Ischemic stroke

Hemorrhagic stroke

Question 18

Optimally treatment should be delivered within 3 hours of symptom onset

Answer 18

CVA

Question 19

Are treated with thrombolytic agents to dissolve any clots and aspirin to limit platelet activity

Answer 19

Treatment for ischemic stroke

Question 20

Surgical repair for aneurysms or arteriovenus malformations and blood removal may be required in patients with

Answer 20

Hemorrhagic stroke

Question 21

May also be administered with either type of CVA to reduce cerebral edema, antihypertensive agents may be used cautiously to reduce blood pressure slowly

Answer 21

Hypertonic solution

Question 22

Develop between the dura and the arachnoid and are frequently caused by a small venous tear

Answer 22

Subdural hematoma

Question 23

With _______, manifestations of neurological deficits present within 24 hours of an injury, progresses rapidly and has a high mortality rate

Answer 23

Acute subdural hematoma

Question 24

With _____, ICP increases over a period of about a week after the injury

Answer 24

Sub-acute hematoma

Question 25

With_______, manifestations develop several weeks after an injury because of a slow leak, more common in elderly adults because of brain atrophy

Answer 25

Chronic subdural hematoma

Question 26

Result from bleeding between the dura and skull, usually caused by arterial tear

Answer 26

Epidural hematoma

Question 27

Typical symptom pattern for _______, is a brief loss of consciousness, followed by a short period of alertness, then loss of consciousness

Answer 27

Epidural hematoma

Question 28

Results from spontaneous firing of abnormal neurons and is characterized by at least 2 seizures that occur more than 24 hours apart for which there is no underlying or correctable cause.

Answer 28

Epilepsy

Question 29

Seizures that last more than 5 minutes or subsequent seizures that occur before the individual has fully regained consciousness

Answer 29

Status epilepticus

Question 30

Are called partial seizures and occur in one part of the brain

Answer 30

Focal seizures

Question 31

Are a result of abnormal neuronal activity on both sides of the brain

Answer 31

Generalized seizure

Question 32

The individual having a generalized seizure may be confused, be fatigued, have a headache, experience muscle soreness, and fall into a deep sleep in the period following the seizure referred to as

Answer 32

Postical period

Question 33

Acetylcholine Dopamine Norepinephrine Serotonin Glutamate GABA Endogenous opioids

Answer 33

Neurotransmitters

Question 34

Many of the genes associated with _____ are also identified in people with autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, RA , or systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 34

MS

Question 35

When approximately 80% of the dopamine producing cells are destroyed, movement issues develop which typically include tremors or the hands and feet

Answer 35

Parkinson’s disease

Question 36

Levadopa Dopamine agonists Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors catechol O methyltransferase inhibitors Anticholergenic agents Increase dopamine levels Deep brain stimulation with an implanted pacemaker device and lesional surgery

Answer 36

Treatments for Parkinson’s

Question 37

People who have ______ typically have higher than normal levels of glutamate, chemical messenger in the brain, in their CSF.

Answer 37

ALS