Chapter 11 Neural Function Flashcards

1
Q

Meningitis is an inflammation of ?

A

Meninges covering the brain

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2
Q

Another name for a stroke is ?

A

Cerebrovascular accident

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3
Q

The greatest risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke

A

Hypertension

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4
Q

A brief interruption of brain function frequently caused by a fall or trauma to the head is called ?

A

Concussion

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5
Q

Which of the following is a chemical which crosses the gap between one neuron and the next neuron, or between the neuron and a muscle

A

Neurotransmitter

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6
Q

Is the correct term for the inability to speak

A

Aphasia

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7
Q

Is a syndrome of recurring episodes of excessive electrical activity of the brain commonly causing involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles

A

Seizure disorder

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8
Q

Pain, as described by the patient is ?

A

Subjective and individualized

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9
Q

Intracranial pressure is present when cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the skull when the patient has this condition

A

Hydrocephalus

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10
Q

Treatment for hydrocephalus includes

A

Surgery to insert a shunt

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11
Q

Is a debilitating Nuero inflammatory disease that involves an abnormal immune mediated process directed against the CNS, causing progressive and irreversible demyelination of brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerve neurons

A

Multiple sclerosis

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12
Q

The inflammatory damage occurs in diffuse patches throughout the nervous system and slows or stops nerve impulses. As the disease progresses, the Brain cortex atrophies, and scar tissue plaque develops throughout the white matter

A

Multiple sclerosis

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13
Q

Are often called mini strokes because these neurologic deficits mimic a cerebrovascular accident or stroke except that the deficits resolve within 24 hours.

A

TIA

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14
Q

Is most often caused by viral infections associated with enterovirus, West Nile virus, influenza, HIv, and herpes

A

Meningitis

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15
Q

Also called Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive disease that Involves damage to the upper motor neurons of the brain stem and spinal cord that control voluntary movement.

A

Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis AlS

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16
Q

Is an infarction of the brain often called a brain attack

A

CVA

17
Q

_________ Are the most common, ________ are the deadliest

A

Ischemic stroke

Hemorrhagic stroke

18
Q

Optimally treatment should be delivered within 3 hours of symptom onset

A

CVA

19
Q

Are treated with thrombolytic agents to dissolve any clots and aspirin to limit platelet activity

A

Treatment for ischemic stroke

20
Q

Surgical repair for aneurysms or arteriovenus malformations and blood removal may be required in patients with

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

21
Q

May also be administered with either type of CVA to reduce cerebral edema, antihypertensive agents may be used cautiously to reduce blood pressure slowly

A

Hypertonic solution

22
Q

Develop between the dura and the arachnoid and are frequently caused by a small venous tear

A

Subdural hematoma

23
Q

With _______, manifestations of neurological deficits present within 24 hours of an injury, progresses rapidly and has a high mortality rate

A

Acute subdural hematoma

24
Q

With _____, ICP increases over a period of about a week after the injury

A

Sub-acute hematoma

25
Q

With_______, manifestations develop several weeks after an injury because of a slow leak, more common in elderly adults because of brain atrophy

A

Chronic subdural hematoma

26
Q

Result from bleeding between the dura and skull, usually caused by arterial tear

A

Epidural hematoma

27
Q

Typical symptom pattern for _______, is a brief loss of consciousness, followed by a short period of alertness, then loss of consciousness

A

Epidural hematoma

28
Q

Results from spontaneous firing of abnormal neurons and is characterized by at least 2 seizures that occur more than 24 hours apart for which there is no underlying or correctable cause.

A

Epilepsy

29
Q

Seizures that last more than 5 minutes or subsequent seizures that occur before the individual has fully regained consciousness

A

Status epilepticus

30
Q

Are called partial seizures and occur in one part of the brain

A

Focal seizures

31
Q

Are a result of abnormal neuronal activity on both sides of the brain

A

Generalized seizure

32
Q

The individual having a generalized seizure may be confused, be fatigued, have a headache, experience muscle soreness, and fall into a deep sleep in the period following the seizure referred to as

A

Postical period

33
Q

Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Glutamate
GABA
Endogenous opioids

A

Neurotransmitters

34
Q

Many of the genes associated with _____ are also identified in people with autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, RA , or systemic lupus erythematosus

A

MS

35
Q

When approximately 80% of the dopamine producing cells are destroyed, movement issues develop which typically include tremors or the hands and feet

A

Parkinson’s disease

36
Q

Levadopa
Dopamine agonists
Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors catechol O methyltransferase inhibitors
Anticholergenic agents

Increase dopamine levels

Deep brain stimulation with an implanted pacemaker device and lesional surgery

A

Treatments for Parkinson’s

37
Q

People who have ______ typically have higher than normal levels of glutamate, chemical messenger in the brain, in their CSF.

A

ALS