Chapter 9 Gastrointestinal Function Flashcards
Refers to erosive lesions affecting the muscularis mucosae (lining) of the stomach or duodenum
Peptic ulcer disease
The most common risk factors for developing ____ are NSAID use and H. Pylori infections
PUD
Is an inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic
Pancreatitis
Is considered a medical emergency
Acute pancreatitis
Refers to chronic, progressive, irreversible, diffuse damage to the liver resulting in decreased liver function
Cirrhosis
Eventually the damage leads to fibrosis, nodule formation, impaired blood flow, and bile obstruction that can result in liver failure
Cirrhosis
Is used to treat ascites related to cirrhosis of the liver
Paracentesis
Pancreatic enzymes rather than remaining in inactive form until secreted into duodenum, become active within the gland.
Pancreatitis
Auto-digestion of the pancreas by trypsin, lipase, and amylase occurs, end result of inflammation and auto digestion is profound pancreatic edema and possible hemorrhage within pancreas
Pancreatitis
Treatment for pancreatitis
Pain management Demerol
IVs
Vital signs
Monitor for tetany
Assess for numbness
Check serum magnesium levels
Calcium gluconate at bedside
Restrict fats in diet can stimulate CCK, which stimulates the pancreas
Pancreatitis nursing interventions
Condition in which a section of the stomach protrudes upward through an opening in the diaphragm, potentially displacing lung tissue. (Thoracic cavity)
Hiatal hernia
Is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal wall and abdominal organs.
Most commonly caused by rupture of the appendix
Peritonitis
The inflammation may result from chemical irritation (ruptured gallbladder or spleen) or direct organism invasion (e.g. appendicitis and peritoneal dialysis)
Peritonitis
An insidious slow developing condition that often develops in adolescence. It is characterized by patchy areas of inflammation (skin lesions) with clear areas of intestinal wall in between.
Crohn’s disease
Metabolize carbohydrates, proteins, fats
Synthesize glucose, protein (albumin) cholesterol, triglycerides, clotting factors
Store glucose, fats, and micronutrients
Detoxify blood of harmful chemicals
Liver function
Is produced by bacteria or irritating substances introduced into the abdominal cavity by a penetrating wound or perforation of an organ in the GI tract or the reproductive tract
Peritonitis
Gall stones, a common condition
Cholelithiasis
Inflammation or infection in the biliary system (gall bladder and bile ducts) caused by Calculi
Cholecystitis
Is a condition where chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus.
GERD
Occasionally bile can back up into the esophagus. The presence of these gastric secretions irritates the esophageal mucosa.
GERD
Surgical removal, usually laparoscopically of Calculi or gallbladder
Cholecystectomy
Is an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by infections (usually viral), alcohol, medications (acetaminophen [Tylenol]), anti seizure agents, and antibiotics, or auto immune disease (lupus, erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis)
Hepatitis
In the United States, viral hepatitis is most commonly caused by
Hep A, B, C
Congenital defect that results from failure of the maxillary processes and nasal elevations or upper lip to fuse during fetal development
Cleft lip
An opening between the oral cavity and the nasal cavity
It may occur with a cleft lip, and maybe unilateral or bilateral
Cleft palate
