Chapter 9 Gastrointestinal Function

Question 1

Refers to erosive lesions affecting the muscularis mucosae (lining) of the stomach or duodenum

Answer 1

Peptic ulcer disease

Question 2

The most common risk factors for developing ____ are NSAID use and H. Pylori infections

Answer 2

PUD

Question 3

Is an inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic

Answer 3

Pancreatitis

Question 4

Is considered a medical emergency

Answer 4

Acute pancreatitis

Question 5

Refers to chronic, progressive, irreversible, diffuse damage to the liver resulting in decreased liver function

Answer 5

Cirrhosis

Question 6

Eventually the damage leads to fibrosis, nodule formation, impaired blood flow, and bile obstruction that can result in liver failure

Answer 6

Cirrhosis

Question 7

Is used to treat ascites related to cirrhosis of the liver

Answer 7

Paracentesis

Question 8

Pancreatic enzymes rather than remaining in inactive form until secreted into duodenum, become active within the gland.

Answer 8

Pancreatitis

Question 9

Auto-digestion of the pancreas by trypsin, lipase, and amylase occurs, end result of inflammation and auto digestion is profound pancreatic edema and possible hemorrhage within pancreas

Answer 9

Pancreatitis

Question 10

Treatment for pancreatitis

Answer 10

Pain management Demerol

Question 11

IVs
Vital signs
Monitor for tetany
Assess for numbness
Check serum magnesium levels
Calcium gluconate at bedside
Restrict fats in diet can stimulate CCK, which stimulates the pancreas

Answer 11

Pancreatitis nursing interventions

Question 12

Condition in which a section of the stomach protrudes upward through an opening in the diaphragm, potentially displacing lung tissue. (Thoracic cavity)

Answer 12

Hiatal hernia

Question 13

Is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal wall and abdominal organs.

Most commonly caused by rupture of the appendix

Answer 13

Peritonitis

Question 14

The inflammation may result from chemical irritation (ruptured gallbladder or spleen) or direct organism invasion (e.g. appendicitis and peritoneal dialysis)

Answer 14

Peritonitis

Question 15

An insidious slow developing condition that often develops in adolescence. It is characterized by patchy areas of inflammation (skin lesions) with clear areas of intestinal wall in between.

Answer 15

Crohn’s disease

Question 16

Metabolize carbohydrates, proteins, fats
Synthesize glucose, protein (albumin) cholesterol, triglycerides, clotting factors
Store glucose, fats, and micronutrients
Detoxify blood of harmful chemicals

Answer 16

Liver function

Question 17

Is produced by bacteria or irritating substances introduced into the abdominal cavity by a penetrating wound or perforation of an organ in the GI tract or the reproductive tract

Answer 17

Peritonitis

Question 18

Gall stones, a common condition

Answer 18

Cholelithiasis

Question 19

Inflammation or infection in the biliary system (gall bladder and bile ducts) caused by Calculi

Answer 19

Cholecystitis

Question 20

Is a condition where chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus.

Answer 20

GERD

Question 21

Occasionally bile can back up into the esophagus. The presence of these gastric secretions irritates the esophageal mucosa.

Answer 21

GERD

Question 22

Surgical removal, usually laparoscopically of Calculi or gallbladder

Answer 22

Cholecystectomy

Question 23

Is an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by infections (usually viral), alcohol, medications (acetaminophen [Tylenol]), anti seizure agents, and antibiotics, or auto immune disease (lupus, erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis)

Answer 23

Hepatitis

Question 24

In the United States, viral hepatitis is most commonly caused by

Answer 24

Hep A, B, C

Question 25

Congenital defect that results from failure of the maxillary processes and nasal elevations or upper lip to fuse during fetal development

Answer 25

Cleft lip

Question 26

An opening between the oral cavity and the nasal cavity

It may occur with a cleft lip, and maybe unilateral or bilateral

Answer 26

Cleft palate