Chapter 12 Musculoskeltal Function Flashcards
Connect bones to bones in a joint and provide support to the joint
Ligaments
A layer of connective tissue called the ______ covers compact bone surfaces
Periosteum
The periosteum serves as the site of muscle attachment via
Tendons
The _______ is richly supplied with blood vessels that enter the bone at numerous sites
Periosteum
Almost every muscle in the body attaches to bones through structures such as
Tendons
Are specialized tough cords or bands of connective tissue that are continuous extensions of the periosteum
Tendons
Is a systemic autoimmune condition involving multiple joints
RA rheumatoid arthritis
Usually affects joints on both sides of the body equally. Wrists, fingers, knees, feet and ankles are the most commonly affected.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Is an inflammatory disease resulting from deposits of uric acid crystals In tissues and fluids within the body
Gout
Also known as wear and tear arthritis and degenerative joint disease, is a localized joint disease characterized by deterioration of articulating cartilage and its underlying bone as well as bony overgrowth
Osteoarthritis
The joints most commonly affected by OA are the
Knees, hips, and joints in the hands and spine
Is a break in the rigid structure of the bone as a result of applied pressure
Fracture
A fracture with a single break in the bone and which bone ends maintain their alignment and position
Simple fracture
A fracture straight across the bone shaft
Transverse fracture
A fracture at an angle to the bone shaft
Oblique fracture
A fracture that twists around the bone shaft
Spiral fracture
A fracture characterized by multiple fracture lines and bone pieces
Comminuted fracture
An incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent and only the outer curve of the Bend is broken; commonly occurs in children because of minimal calcification and often heals quickly
Greenstick fracture
A fracture in which the bone is crushed or collapses into small pieces
Compression fracture
Occurs when the bone is broken into two or more separate pieces;
Complete fractures
The bone is partially broken
Incomplete fracture
The skin is broken
The skin is intact
Open fractures
Closed fractures
Occur when one end of the bone is forced into the adjacent bone
Impacted fractures
Result from a weakness in the bone structure secondary to conditions such as bone tumors and osteoporosis
Pathologic fractures
Occur from repeated excessive stress
Stress fracture
Occur in the skull when the broken piece is forced inward on the brain
Depressed fracture
Is a serious condition that results from increased pressure in an internal compartment, usually the muscle fascia in the case of fractures.
Compartment fracture
This pressure impinges on the nerves and blood vessels present within the compartment, potentially compromising the distal extremity
Compartment syndrome
Refers to an infection of the bone tissue
Can result in bone or tissue necrosis
Osteomyelitis
Is treated with potent antibiotic therapy and surgery
Osteomyelitis
Refers to lateral deviation of the spine
Maybe associated with kyphosis and lordosis
Scoliosis
Degenerative diseases associated with ______ include osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
Scoliosis
Refers to an increase in the curvature of the thoracic spine outward, often called hunchback.
Kyphosis
Encompasses a group of inherited non inflammatory disorders characterized by degeneration of skeletal muscle
Muscular dystrophy MS
The commonality across all types is the presence of muscle protein abnormality (dystrophin)
Muscular dystrophy
Instead, it usually appears during adolescent growth spurts and can appear as poor posture referred to as schemermanns disease
Kyphosis
Stress on the vertebrae causes an imbalance in osteoclast activity, therefore, the curvature increases during growth spurts
Scoliosis
Clinical manifestations usually include excruciating pain beyond what would be expected given the injury
Compartment syndrome
This type of arthritis usually starts with an initial acute inflammatory episode, after which the joint appear to recover
RA
Decreases life expectancy by as much as 7 years, heart disease, infection, and gastrointestinal bleeding are the most common causes of mortality
RA
Results from an overproduction or underexcecution of uric acid as well as increased purine intake; however
Gout
The metatarsalphalangeal joint of the big toe is the presenting joint for 50% of people with
Gout
People with gout may also develop _______ large hard nodules composed of uric acid crystals deposited in soft tissues; usually in cooler areas of the body (toes, elbows, distal finger joints)
Tophi
