Chapter 7 Urinary Function Flashcards
The kidneys are the primary site for carrying out the urinary systems functions. One kidney contains 1-2 million microscopic filtering units or _________, to accomplish its functions.
Nephrons
Is similar to a long funnel and stem
Contain multiple sections (loop of henle, PCT, and DCT) and each of these sections is responsible for excreting or reabsorption specific substances.
Nephrons
Clinical manifestations of nephritic syndrome
Oliguria decreased urine output
Is a common, nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs as men age, usually appearing before 50.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH
Does not increase prostate cancer risk, but it’s clinical presentation is very similar to that of prostate cancer
BPH
Refers to the presence of renal Calculi. Calculi are hard masses of crystals composed of minerals that the kidneys normally excrete.
Nephrolithiasis
The most frequently encountered type of calculus contains calcium in combination with either oxalate or phosphate
Kidney stones
Calculi usually cause symptoms only when they obstruct urine flow. This obstruction can lead to ______ (urine accumulation in the kidney) and secondary infection.
Hydronephrosis
Refers to infections in the bladder
Cystitis
Include any infections that begin in the urinary tract. The lower urinary tract is the most frequent site of these infections.
UTIs
UTIs can be more specifically classified based on location.
Urethritis urethra
Cystitis bladder
Pyelonephritis kidneys
Are caused by a direct invasion of the urinary tract by bacteria
UTI
Escherichia coli a gram negative aerobic bacterium that is a normal part of the intestinal flora, accounts for 75% to 95% of
UTIs
Clinical manifestations of neurogenic bladder
Hydronephrosis
Refers to renal conditions typically affecting both kidneys, most of which are characterized by inflammation of the glumeruli
Glomerulonephritis
Affecting men more than women, _______ is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in the United States; the inflammatory changes impair the kidneys ability to excrete waste.
Glomerulonephritis
Is an abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the clauses of one or both kidneys that occurs secondary to a disease
Hydronephrosis
Diseases that obstruct urine flow are commonly associated with this condition, BPH, kidney stones, thrombi, tumors, strictures, and stenosis.
Hydronephrosis
Clinical manifestations of Wilms tumor, renal cysts, and UTIs
Hematuria
Infection of the urinary tract that often ascends from the urinary meatus. It is typically caused by escheria coli and occurs more frequently in females
UTI
Two forms of UTIs
Cystitis
Urethritis
Infection of the renal parenchyma causes an inflammatory response called
Pyelonephritis
Causes for urinary retention
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
UTIs
A technique for providing the function of the kidneys by passing the blood through tubes surrounded by solutions that selectively remove waste products and excess minerals
Hemodialysis
Patients blood is shunted from the body through a machine for diffusion and ultrafiltration and then returned to the patients circulation
Hemodialysis
In _______, blood is filtered through a machine that acts as an artificial kidney and returned to the body
Hemodialysis
Is an inherited disorder characterized by numerous, grape like clusters of lucid filled cysts in both kidneys
Polycystic kidney disease PKD
These cysts enlarge the kidneys while compressing and eventually replacing the functional kidney tissue
PKD
A bilateral inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli that typically follows a streptococcal infection
Glomerulonephritis
An infection that has reached one or both kidneys
Pyelonephritis
Involuntary loss of urine
Urinary incontinence
The ______ is the functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
