Unit 9.2 Flashcards
Role perception
People’s view of how they should act in a given situation
Role expectation
The way in which others believe the individual should act in a given situation or context,
Role conflict and work-life integration
when an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations.
Employees seek solutions to reduce conflict from multiple roles
Norms
-Standards of behaviour shared by the group’s members
-Most norms are informally agreed on
-Norms for each group are unique
Types of norms:
Performance-related norms
Appearance-related norms
Social-arrangement norms
Allocation of resources
Status
=Socially defined rank given to groups or group members
Types of statuses:
-Formal status
-Informal status
-Status equity
Formal status
Awarded through titles or facilities
Informal status
Awarded based on personal attributes
Status equity
The belief that status differences in a group are fair
Social-arrangement norms
They develop informally and dictate the nature of interaction among group members
Appearance-related norms
Refer mostly to appropriate dressing , but can also refer to the general image created by a person
Performance-related norms
Members are given explicit cues on what to do, how to work and related expectations and processes.
Allocation of resources
They cover aspects such as pay, assignment of difficult jobs and allocation of new tools and equipment.
Group size
Group size guidelines:
Large groups – good for gaining diverse input
Small groups –better at doing something productive with the inputs
Negative outcomes of bigger group
-Excessive time making decisions
-Development of sub-groups
-Discussions dominated by a few
Social loafing
The tendency of group members to do less than they are capable of as individuals, as they rely on the group as an entity to take responsibility for
group outcomes.
Group diversity
=The similarities and differences that are found among the members of the group
-Similarities/differences are observable or unobservable
Types of groups:
-Heterogeneous groups – composed of dissimilar individuals
-Homogeneous groups – composed of similar individuals
Relational demography
Which reflects how a single person in a group
differs from the other people in the group
Culture
A system of values, beliefs,
customs and habits that are carried over from generation to generation.
Group processes
=The interaction between group members
-It can enhance or hinder group performance
Types of group processes
-Group dynamics
-Group cohesion
-Trust
-Group think and group shift
