UNIT 2

Question 1

Paradigm meaning

Answer 1

= It means a pattern, model or example

In psychology, it refers to schools of thought, broad models, approaches or frameworks, or ways of thinking about or understanding the human mind or psyche

-Its based on epistemology

Question 2

Epistemology

Answer 2

Epistemology is about how we know and understand things.

It’s the study of knowledge and how we think about the world and people around us.

Question 3

Psychological theory

Answer 3

Psychological theory is a specific way of thinking about and studying how people behave, think, and feel.

These theories help us understand and predict human behavior and emotions.

Question 4

Five influential paradigms

Answer 4

-Biological

-Behaviourist

-Cognitive

-Socio-cultural

-Psychodynamic

Question 5

Psychological schools of thought

Answer 5

Structuralism
Functionalism
Behaviourism
Positive psychology
Trait psychology approach
Socio-cultural approach

Question 6

Structuralism

Answer 6

Structuralism focuses on understanding the human mind by breaking down our conscious experiences into basic parts.

It looks at the different elements of our thoughts and feelings and how they relate to each other

Question 7

Consciousness

Answer 7

=Mental or psychological processes that could be observed by studying sensation perception

Question 8

Functionalism

Answer 8

Emphasizes the functions of the human mind and its elements

Functionalists believe that the human mind is a changing and adaptive process.

Question 9

Behaviourism

Answer 9

-Uses the Stimulus-response(S-R) approach

-Uses the Stimulus-Organism-response(SOR) principle

Question 10

Stimulus-response(S-R) approach

Answer 10

–It represents the basic form of learning

-States that learning or change in behaviour only happens when the associations between stimuli and responses are repeated and strengthened

Question 11

Stimulus-Organism-response(SOR) principle

Answer 11

-Indicates the mediation process between stimuli and responses

-It states that we can use our thoughts to control how we react to things we experience.

Question 12

Cognitve processes that determine how learning takes place

Answer 12

-Perception
-Expectation
-Memory
-Emotions

Question 13

Aspects that may influence motivation

Answer 13

-Values
-Intentions
-Emotions
-Interests
-Imitation
-Experience
-Group affiliations

Question 14

Personality according to behaviourists

Answer 14

is shaped by what we learn from our surroundings and how we are rewarded for our actions

Question 15

Gestalt psychology

Answer 15

Gestalt psychology is all about looking at the human mind and behavior as a whole, rather than breaking it down into smaller parts

Question 16

What do perceptual laws do?

Answer 16

Perceptual laws help us understand how people use their senses to make sense of the world. They show that we don’t just see or hear things as separate pieces. Instead, we organize and combine these pieces into a complete, meaningful picture.

Question 17

Psychoanalytic paradigm

Answer 17

Emphasizes unconscious behaviour

Question 18

Three levels of the conscious

Answer 18

-The conscious
-The pre-conscious
-The unconscious

Question 19

Explain the conscious

Answer 19

-It contains peoples awareness and contact with reality and mostly entails the ego functions

Question 20

Explain the pre-conscious

Answer 20

-It involves content just beneath the surface that can be retrieved

E.g: Names

-It related to ego functions but it is and can be influenced by the unconscious`

Question 21

Explain the unconscious`

Answer 21

It contains desires, memories, and thoughts that are repressed deep below the surface