UNIT 2.2

Question 1

The three psychic structures that direct human behaviour

Answer 1

-The ID
-The ego
-The super ego

Question 2

.The ID

Answer 2

This part of the mind holds basic urges like sex, aggression, and eating. It seeks immediate pleasure and satisfaction.

-These are the (Eros) life drives or the (Thanos) death drives

Question 3

The ego

Answer 3

This part of the mind deals with reality and helps us think and act in a realistic way.

The ego balances the desires of the id (basic urges) and the rules of the super-ego (moral standards).

Question 4

The super ego

Answer 4

This part of the mind represents our sense of morality. It helps us understand what is right and wrong based on social standards.

Question 5

Ego Defence Mechanisms

Answer 5

-Repression

-Projection

-Reaction formation

-Displacement

-Fantasy

-Overcompensation

-Isolation(Intellectualisation)

-Rationalisation

-Regression

-Identification

-Sublimation

Question 6

Repression

Answer 6

It means that your mind automatically hides uncomfortable or painful thoughts and feelings so that you don’t become aware of them. This helps protect you from emotional distress.

Question 7

Projection

Answer 7

where you assign your own unwanted thoughts, feelings, or mistakes to someone else.

Question 8

Reaction formation

Answer 8

It means acting in a way that is completely opposite to how you really feel, especially when your true feelings are uncomfortable or undesirable.

Question 9

Displacement

Answer 9

It means taking out your negative feelings on someone or something else instead of the person or thing that actually caused them.

Question 10

Overcompensation

Answer 10

It means covering up your weaknesses or flaws by focusing too much on something you’re good at.

Question 11

Fantasy

Answer 11

It means satisfying your unmet needs or desires by imagining achieving them or through wishful thinking.

Question 12

Intellectualisation
(isolation)

Answer 12

It means dealing with difficult experiences or emotions by talking about them in a logical or detached way, rather than feeling them.

Question 13

Rationalisation

Answer 13

It means making up believable but untrue reasons to explain bad behavior or failures

Question 14

Regression

Answer 14

Avoiding painful feelings and
experiences by reverting to earlier,immature or less stressful patterns of behaviour (a form of fixation).

Question 15

Identification

Answer 15

It means protecting yourself from uncomfortable feelings or low self-esteem by connecting with someone else or an idea.

Question 16

Sublimation

Answer 16

It means redirecting your negative or socially unacceptable thoughts and impulses into positive or acceptable activities.

Question 17

Define fixation

Answer 17

It means that a person’s development gets stuck at an earlier stage, and they don’t move smoothly through the normal stages of growth.

Unresolved issues from that stage stay hidden in the unconscious mind

Question 18

Humanism

Answer 18

It focuses on the positive and conscious aspects of being human. It believes that people:

-Actively shape their own lives

-Are rational and logical

-Seek meaning and purpose in life

-Have the freedom to make their own choices

-Are unique individuals

-Have the potential to grow and improve

Question 19

Cognitive psychology

Answer 19

It focuses on how we think, learn, and remember, and it also looks at the connection between our mind and body

Question 20

The paradigm shift

Answer 20

= Thinking differently or changing ones attitude

Question 21

Biological and evolutionary perspectives

Answer 21

It focuses on how our biology—like our brain, genes, and nervous system—affects our behaviour, feelings, and thoughts. It believes that to understand the mind and consciousness, we need to study the complex relationships between our biology and behaviour.

Question 22

Positive psychology

Answer 22

It focuses on the strengths and virtues that help people thrive. Instead of just looking at problems, it studies what makes life worth living and how people can be their best selves.

-It doesn’t deny weaknesses in people but emphasizes the strengths in both the positive and negative aspects of life

-It supports a more balanced view of human functioning