UNIT 2.2 Flashcards
The three psychic structures that direct human behaviour
-The ID
-The ego
-The super ego
.The ID
This part of the mind holds basic urges like sex, aggression, and eating. It seeks immediate pleasure and satisfaction.
-These are the (Eros) life drives or the (Thanos) death drives
The ego
This part of the mind deals with reality and helps us think and act in a realistic way.
The ego balances the desires of the id (basic urges) and the rules of the super-ego (moral standards).
The super ego
This part of the mind represents our sense of morality. It helps us understand what is right and wrong based on social standards.
Ego Defence Mechanisms
-Repression
-Projection
-Reaction formation
-Displacement
-Fantasy
-Overcompensation
-Isolation(Intellectualisation)
-Rationalisation
-Regression
-Identification
-Sublimation
Repression
It means that your mind automatically hides uncomfortable or painful thoughts and feelings so that you don’t become aware of them. This helps protect you from emotional distress.
Projection
where you assign your own unwanted thoughts, feelings, or mistakes to someone else.
Reaction formation
It means acting in a way that is completely opposite to how you really feel, especially when your true feelings are uncomfortable or undesirable.
Displacement
It means taking out your negative feelings on someone or something else instead of the person or thing that actually caused them.
Overcompensation
It means covering up your weaknesses or flaws by focusing too much on something you’re good at.
Fantasy
It means satisfying your unmet needs or desires by imagining achieving them or through wishful thinking.
Intellectualisation
(isolation)
It means dealing with difficult experiences or emotions by talking about them in a logical or detached way, rather than feeling them.
Rationalisation
It means making up believable but untrue reasons to explain bad behavior or failures
Regression
Avoiding painful feelings and
experiences by reverting to earlier,immature or less stressful patterns of behaviour (a form of fixation).
Identification
It means protecting yourself from uncomfortable feelings or low self-esteem by connecting with someone else or an idea.
Sublimation
It means redirecting your negative or socially unacceptable thoughts and impulses into positive or acceptable activities.
Define fixation
It means that a person’s development gets stuck at an earlier stage, and they don’t move smoothly through the normal stages of growth.
Unresolved issues from that stage stay hidden in the unconscious mind
Humanism
It focuses on the positive and conscious aspects of being human. It believes that people:
-Actively shape their own lives
-Are rational and logical
-Seek meaning and purpose in life
-Have the freedom to make their own choices
-Are unique individuals
-Have the potential to grow and improve
Cognitive psychology
It focuses on how we think, learn, and remember, and it also looks at the connection between our mind and body
The paradigm shift
= Thinking differently or changing ones attitude
Biological and evolutionary perspectives
It focuses on how our biology—like our brain, genes, and nervous system—affects our behaviour, feelings, and thoughts. It believes that to understand the mind and consciousness, we need to study the complex relationships between our biology and behaviour.
Positive psychology
It focuses on the strengths and virtues that help people thrive. Instead of just looking at problems, it studies what makes life worth living and how people can be their best selves.
-It doesn’t deny weaknesses in people but emphasizes the strengths in both the positive and negative aspects of life
-It supports a more balanced view of human functioning
