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AP Euro > Unit 9: Totalitarianism and WWII > Flashcards

Unit 9: Totalitarianism and WWII Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

totalitarian state

A
  • repressive; gov control over all aspects of economic, social, political, cultural, and intellectual life; subordination of the individual to the state; insistence that the masses be actively involved in the regime’s goals
  • single leader, single party; no liberal; police control to enforce wishes on ppl
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2
Q

Benito Mussolini

A
  • socialist; laid the foundation for fascism (named after his group Fascio di Combattimento, League of Combat)
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3
Q

fascism

A
  • an ideology taht exalts the nation above the individual and calls for a centralized gov with a dictatorial leader, economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition
  • Mussolini
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4
Q

squadristi

A
  • band of fascists; attacks on Socialist offices and newspapers
  • WWI vets and students were attracted to it (violence)
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5
Q

March on Rome

A
  • Mussolini and the Fascists want to seize power→ frighten the gov into giving them power; gov surrendered
  • Oct 29, 1922→ King Victor Emmanuel III made Mussolini PM of Italy
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6
Q

Weimar Republic

A
  • German democratic state; formed by Soc Dem, Catholic Center Party, and German Dem; unstable
  • uprisings; attacks; didn’t change Germany’s basic gov structure
  • economic difficulty (inflation; Depression)
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7
Q

Adolf Hitler

A
  • Austrian; wanted to be an artist→ rejected by the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts
    lived in Vienna from 1908-1913→ wrote Mein Kampf
    -ideology= racism (anti-Semitism); German nationalist→ propaganda and terror; entered politics
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8
Q

Sturmabteilung

A
  • SA (storm troops)

- police for Nazi party

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9
Q

Lebensraum

A
  • living space

- a nation’s power depends of the amount of land it occupies; a nation must expand to be strong

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10
Q

Fuhrerprinzip

A
  • leadership principle; single minded party under one leader
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11
Q

Reichstag Fire

A
  • fire in Reichstag building Feb 27, 1933; supposedly set by communists
  • Hitler was able to convince Hindenburg to issue a decree that gave the gov emergency powers (suspend all basic rights of citizens→ Nazis arrest anyone without redress)
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12
Q

Ernst Rohm

A

leader of the SA; openly criticized Hitler and spoke for the need for a second rev and the replacement of the regular army by the SA
-Hitler didn’t like this→ Rohm was killed along with other SA ppl

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13
Q

Schutzstaffel

A
  • SS

- Protection Squads, control all regular and secret police forces, under Heinrich Himmler; terror and ideology

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14
Q

Hitler Jugend

A

-Hitler Youth; indoctrination in the youth of Nazi values

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15
Q

Bund Deutscher Madel

A

-German Girl’s Association; female counterpart to the Hitler Jugend
anti-Semitic policies

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16
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A
  • excluded German Jews from German citizenship and forbade marriages and extramarital relations between Jews and German citizens
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17
Q

Kristallnacht

A

-“Night of the Shattered Glass”; break windows of Jewish shops; thousands of Jewish businesses were destroyed

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18
Q

Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

A

autobiographical account of his movement and underlying ideology

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19
Q

Paul von Hindenburg

A
  • WWI military hero; elected president in 1925

- traditional, military man; not really in favor of the republic

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20
Q

propaganda

A

-program of distorted info put out only by an organization or gov to spread its policy, cause, or doctrine
Fascist Italy

21
Q

New Economic Policy

A
  • NEP; Lenin; modified version of the old capitalist system
  • peasants were allowed to sell their own produce openly
  • retail stores were allowed to employ less than 20 employees (private ownership)
  • heavy industry, banking, and mines were still in the hands of the gov
  • saved the Soviet Union from complete economic disaster
22
Q

Union of Soviet Socialists Republics

A

-USSR; formed by Lenin and the Communists in 1922; new state

aka Soviet Union

23
Q

Politburo

A
  • institution that had become the leading organ of the USSR
  • Left= Leon Trotsky
  • wanted to continue revolution→ believed that survival of the Russ Rev depended on spread of communism abroad
  • Right= rejected rev; wanted socialist state; believed that rapid industrialization would lead to worse standards of living in peasantry→ liked the NEP
24
Q

Joesph Stalin

A
  • joined the Bolsheviks in 1903, caught Lenin’s attention when he robbed a bank for Bolsheviks
  • organized; became general secretary (appointed regional, district, city, and town party secretaries)
  • favored “socialism in one country”, not world revolution
  • used his position as general secretary to gain control of the Communist Party
  • expelled Trotsky
  • eliminated old Bolsheviks from Politburo, established dictatorship so powerful, old tsars be jealous
25
Q

Five-Year Plan

A
  • transformation of the Soviet Union from agricultural inot and industrial state
  • collectivization
26
Q

collectivization

A

-consolidate individual land and labour into collective farms

27
Q

kulaks

A

-wealthy farmers

28
Q

authoritarian state

A
  • like totalitarianism (police powers); didn’t want a mass movement for a new order; wanted to defend the existing order
  • limit participation of the masses ; passive obedience rather than active involvement in the goals of the regime
29
Q

General Francisco Franco

A

-led Spanish military forces against the gov and inaugurated a brutal and bloody civil war that lasted 3 yrs

30
Q

Spanish Civil War

A
  • 3 yrs; spilt between Left and Right
  • Left= Republicans who supported the popular front
  • concentrated on urban areas and favored modernization, workers’ rights, expansion of manufacturing, civilian army, and secularization
  • Right= Nationalists who supported franco’s military coup, the monarchy, the military, the agrarian economy, and the Catholic Church
  • Franco’s forces were worn down by Popular Front→ captured in March 28, 1939
31
Q

Picasso’s Guernica

A

-shows the mass destruction and horror caused by the mass bombings at Guernica

32
Q

Jazz……

A

-?

33
Q

“flapper”

A

-unconventional and lively young woman of the 1920s

34
Q

Joseph Goebbels

A
  • propaganda minister in Nazi Germany; created a film section of his Propaganda Ministry; encouraged the production of documentaries and popular feature that carried the Nazi message
  • Triumph of the Will
35
Q

Dopolavoro

A
  • Mussolini’s Italy; “Afterwork” national recreation agency; responsible for establishing clubhouses with libraries, radios, and athletic facilities everywhere
  • enabled gov to provide and supervise recreational activity
36
Q

Kraft durch Freude

A
  • Nazi Germany; like the Dopolavoro
  • coordinated free time of the working class by offering a variety of leisure time activities (concerts, operas, films, guided tours, sporting events)
  • tours, cruises to Scandinavia, and Mediterranean
37
Q

German rearmament

A

-break provisions in Treaty of Versaille; March 9 1935= new air force; military draft to expand military to 550,000 troops

38
Q

appeasement

A

-belief that id European states satisfied the reasonable demands of dissatisfied powers, the latter would be content, and stability and peace would be achieved in Europe

39
Q

Occupation of the Rhineland

A
  • March 7, 1936; Hitler sent troops to Rhineland
  • french could have attacked but they didn’t bc they needed GB support; GB ignored Germany’s occupation of the Rhineland
  • this made Hitler kind made and more motivated (he thought that they thought he was weak)
  • Germans liked Hitler bc he was “restoring honor”
40
Q

Rome-Berlin Axis

A

-Mussolini and Hitler ally; October 1936; recognized their common political and economic interests

41
Q

Blitzkrieg

A
  • “lightning war”, mechanized columns, massive air power to cut quickly across battle lines
  • encircle and destroy the enemy
  • Luftwaffe
  • panzer division
42
Q

Luftwaffe

A

-Hitlers large air force; one of the result from the rearming of Germany

43
Q

panzer division

A
  • strike forces made of tanks, mechanized industry, and mobile artillery
  • 300 tanks with forces and supplies
44
Q

Neville Chamberlain

A
  • prime minister of Britain in 1937 on
  • advocate of appeasement
  • believed that the survival of the British Empire depended on an accommodation with Germany
  • supported Hitler as long as it didn’t lead to war
45
Q

Sudetenland

A

-mountainous NW border area of Czechoslovakia that was home to 3 mill Germans

46
Q

Munich Conference

A
  • Sept 9 1938; GB, France, Germany, and Italy made an agreement that met Hitler’s demands
  • troops were allowed to occupy Sudetenland
47
Q

German-Soviet Nonaggression Treaty

A
  • Aug 23, 1939; created German and Soviet spheres of influence in E Europe
  • Germany gets W Poland
  • Soviets get Baltic states of Estonia and Latvia and E poland
  • gave Hitler the freedom to attack Poland
48
Q

Manchuria

A

??

49
Q

Chiang Kai-shek

A

-Chinese nationalist leader; sought to appease Tokyo by granting Japan the authority to administer areas in N China

AP Euro (22 decks)

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