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AP Euro > Unit 9, Part 2 > Flashcards

Unit 9, Part 2 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

“phony war”

A
  • six-month period (October 1939–March 1940) during which no land operations were undertaken by the Allies or the Germans after the German conquest of Poland in September 1939.
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2
Q

“miracle at Dunkirk”

A
  • German army trapped French forces at Dunkirk
  • Hitler ordered the Luftwaffe to destroy Allied armies at Dunkirk but it was ineffective
  • When Hitler ordered his foot soldiers to attack, the British already rebuilt their defenses and evacuated 350,000 troops (French and British)
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3
Q

Vichy France (Marshall Petain)

A
  • authoritarian regime in ⅖ of France (wherever the Germans didn’t have)
  • regarded as a Naxi puppet state
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4
Q

Winston Churchill

A
  • prime minister of GB after Chamberlain; wanted to lead GB to victory
  • didn’t want to compromise with Nazis
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5
Q

Lend-Lease Act

A
  • principal means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign nations during World War II.
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6
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

-Dec 7, 1941; Japanese carrier-based aircraft attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian islands

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7
Q

Great East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere

A
  • encompassed entire region under Japanese tutelage
  • intention= liberate the colonial areas of SE Asia from Western colonial rule
  • self sufficient community designed to provide mutual benefits to the occupied areas and home country
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8
Q

unconditional surrender

A

-complete, unqualified surrender of a belligerent nation

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9
Q

Erwin Rommel

A
  • German general; led the Afrika Korps to Libya Feb 1941

- broke through british defenses in Egypt bc of reinforcements in N Africa

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10
Q

Battle of the North Atlantic

A

-submarines attacked Allied ships carrying supplies to GB

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11
Q

El Alamein

A

-British forces stop Rommel summer 1942; forced them back across the desert

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12
Q

Battle of Stalingrad

A
  • turning point of the war
  • German advance; Hitler was determined to capture the city
  • street-by-street conflict during Sept, Oct, and Nov
  • Nov 8= Hitler declared that German army had taken the city; Nov 19-20= Soviets attacked and surrounded Germans
  • Germans surrender
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13
Q

Battle of Midway

A
  • June 4, 1942; US planes destroyed all 4 of the attacking Japanese aircraft carriers and established American naval superiority of the Pacific
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14
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

-American general; lead 5 assault divisions on the normandy beaches on June 6

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15
Q

Normandy Invasion

A
  • led by DD Eisenhower;
  • On June 6, 1944, the Allies invade Western Europe in the largest amphibious attack in history
  • resulted in the Allied liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany’s control.
  • operation overlord
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16
Q

Battle of the Bulge

A
  • offensive by German troops; slowed Allied advances
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17
Q

Battle of Kursk

A
  • tank battle between Germans and Soviets; Germans lost
18
Q

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

A
  • US dropped atomic bombs there to prevent American casualties
  • Japan unconditionally surrendered in Aug 14, 1945
  • pres Truman
19
Q

“land girls”

A

-women in agriculture; performed jobs usually undertaken by men

20
Q

“Dig for Victory”

A

-increase food production;

21
Q

“night witches”

A

-female pilots who helped defeat the Germans at Stalingrad

22
Q

War Labor Board

A
  • settled labor disputes

- US

23
Q

Albert Speer

A
  • Hitler’s personal architect; made minister for armaments and munitions in 1942
  • eliminated waste and rationalizing procedures→ triple production of armaments
24
Q

Kamikaze

A
  • “divine wind,” suicide missions; against US warships
25
Q

The Blitz

A

-German bombing campaign on British cities during World War II against London

26
Q

Dresden fire bombing

A

Germany Feb 13-15 1945; bombs that create firestorms; killed 35,000 ppl

27
Q

Nazi New Order

A
  • Nazi’s plan for their conquered territories
  • extermination of the Jews and others that were thought to be inferior
  • exploitation of resources (raw materials, machines, food)
  • German colonization in the E; use of Poles, Russians, and Ukrainians as slave labor
  • civil admins in Norway, Denmark, and Netherlands bc Nazis considered the Aryan akin to the Germans
  • inferior ppl= military admins
28
Q

Heinrich Himmler

A
  • strong believer in Nazi racial ideology; leader of the SS
  • put in charge of German plans in the east→ evacuate Slavs and replace them with Germans (this was done to the Poles too)
29
Q

Charles de Gaulle

A
  • leader of the Free French movement
30
Q

Free French

A
  • resistance movement against Nazi rule

- created governments-in-exile in London

31
Q

Josip Broz

A
  • leader of a resistance movement in Yugoslavia
  • led a band of guerrillas against German occupation forces
  • partisan army⇒ 250,000 men, 100,000 women
32
Q

White Rose

A
  • group of students and a professor at University of Munich against Nazi order/rule
  • distributed pamphlets denouncing the Nazi regime as lawless, criminal, and godless
  • caught, arrested, executed
  • crushed by Gestapo (secret police)
33
Q

Col. Count Claus von Stauffenberg

A
  • believed that only the elimination of Hilter would bring the overthrow of the Nazu regime
34
Q

Madagascar Plan

A

-mass shipment of Jews to Madagascar → impractical

35
Q

Final Solution

A
  • annihilation of the Jewish ppl

- admin head= Reinhard Heydrich (head of SS’s security service)

36
Q

Einsatzgruppen

A
  • strike forces→ round up all Polish Jews and concentrate them in ghettos
  • mobile killing units; mass graves of Jews dug by the victims before they were shot
37
Q

Wannsee Conference

A
  • inform party and state officials of the general procedures for the Final Solution
  • January 20, 1942
  • solve the Jewish question
38
Q

death camps

A
  • another solution to the annihilation of the Jews
  • Jews living in Germany or placed controlled by German would be round up in freight trains and shipped to Poland, where 6 death camps were built
  • Zyklon B= hydrogen cyanide; gas chambers look like shower rooms
  • corpses burnt in crematoria
39
Q

Nanjing

A
  • Japanese conquest

- Japanese soldiers killed, raped, and looted the Nanjing ppl

40
Q

comfort women

A
  • Korean women who served as prostitutes for Japanese troops

AP Euro (22 decks)

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