Unit 10. Part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
De-Stalinization
A
- undo worst features of Stalin’s regime
- permit intellectual freedom
- reduce secret police powers; close some Siberian camps
2
Q
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
A
-wrote Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich; portrayal of horrors of the forced labor camps
3
Q
Josip Broz Tito
A
-leader of the Communist resistance movement in Yugoslavia; wanted it to be an independent Communist state
4
Q
Stalinization in Eastern Europe
A
- 1948-1953; instituted Soviet type 5 year plans with emphasis on heavy industry rather than consumer goods
- collectivization of agriculture
- eliminate non-Communists parties and established secret police and military forces
5
Q
Wladislaw Gomulka
A
- elected by the Polish Communist Party as first secretary of Poland
- declared that Poland had the right to follow its own socialist path
- compromise with Soviets; Poland pledged to remain loyal to the Warsaw Pact and they were allowed to follow socialist path in return
6
Q
Imry Nagy
A
- new Hungarian leader; declared Hungary a free nation in Nov 1, 1956
- promised free elections→ Khrushchev was not happy
- Red Army invaded Budapest (capital) and Soviets reestablished control over Hungary
- new leader works with Soviets to crush the revolt
7
Q
Christian Democrats
A
- interested in democracy and in significant economic reforms (not connected to the prewar church-based parties that were advocates of church interests and crusaded against liberal and socialist causes)
- strong in Italy and Germany
8
Q
Fifth Republic
A
- after the Fourth Republic, which was politically unstable
- created by Charles de Gaulle; created a new constitution that increased the power of the president (chose prime minister, dissolve parliament, supervise defense and foreign policy)
- de Gaulle= president; wanted France to be a great power again; France should play a role in the Cold War→ pulled france out of NATO; invested in nuclear arms race
- centralize economy; cars and armaments
9
Q
nationalization
A
- gov ownership of something
- Fifth Republic→ nationalization of traditional industries (coal, steel, railroads)–> gov deficits
10
Q
Konrad Adenauer
A
- leader of the Christian Democrats; served as chancellor from 1949-1963 in Germany
- founding hero of the Federal Republic
- sought respect for W Germany by cooperating with the US and other W European nations
11
Q
German ‘economic miracle’
A
- resurrection of W Germany’s economy during Adenauer’s chancellorship
- guided by Ludwig Erhard (minister of finance)
- policies of new currency, free markets, low taxes, and elimination of controls→ rapid economic growth
12
Q
welfare state
A
- GB; nationalization of the Bank of England, coal/steel industries, public transportation, public utilities (electricity and gas)
- new gov enacted National Insurance Act (established social security program, nationalized medical insurance) and National Health Service Act (created a system of socialized medicine)
- forced British to reduce expenses abroad and dismantle the British Empire; reduction of military aid to Turkey and Greece
13
Q
social security
A
- gov programs that provide social welfare measures such as old-age pensions and sickness, accident, and the disability insurance
14
Q
socialized medicine
A
- required dr’s and dentists to work in state hospitals, although private practices could be maintained
15
Q
EEC
A
- European Economic Community; aka the Common Market;
- France, W Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Italy signed Rome Treaty
- eliminated customs barriers for the 6 member nations
- created a large free-trade area protected from the rest of the world by a common external tariff
- promote free trade→ encouraged cooperation and standardization in many aspects of the 6 nations’ economies
- became the world’s largest exporter and purchaser of raw materials
16
Q
consumer society
A
- Western society that emerged after WWII as the working classes adopted the consumption pattern of the middle class and payment plans, credit cards, and easy credit made consumer good such as appliances and automobiles affordables
17
Q
family allowances
A
- instituted in some countries to provided minimum level of material care for children
- most provided a fixed amount per child
- to increased the population after the decline suffered during the war
18
Q
suffrage
A
-the right to vote
