Unit 9: Topic 8 - Institutions Developing in a Globalized World Flashcards
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1945 with the aim of promoting peace, security, and cooperation among member states. It consists of 193 member states and has its headquarters in New York City. The UN has a wide range of responsibilities, including peacekeeping, humanitarian aid, sustainable development, and human rights protection. It also serves as a forum for member states to discuss and coordinate on international issues.
World Trade Organization
Founded on January 1, 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is an inter-governmental organization that regulates international trade. It makes sure that trade operates as smoothly and freely as possible. The WTO aims to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business.
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to developing countries to pursue capital projects. It was established in 1944 as part of the Bretton Woods system, and its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C. The World Bank aims to reduce poverty and increase economic growth and sustainability in its member countries.
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that was established in 1944 to promote international monetary cooperation, facilitate the balanced growth of international trade, and secure financial stability. The IMF provides loans and financial assistance to its member countries, usually in exchange for the implementation of economic reforms aimed at correcting imbalances and promoting sustainable economic growth. The IMF also provides advice and technical assistance to its members, conducts economic research and analysis, and acts as a forum for member countries to discuss and coordinate on international financial issues. The IMF has 189 member countries.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a non-binding declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. It outlines the basic rights and freedoms that are entitled to all human beings, regardless of race, color, religion, sex, language, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. The UDHR consists of 30 articles that cover a wide range of civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, including the right to life, liberty, and security of person; freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; the right to work and education; and the right to participate in government and seek asylum from persecution.
UN General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) is one of the six main organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all 193 member states have equal representation. It meets once a year in a regular session and additional special sessions as needed. The General Assembly serves as a forum for member states to discuss and coordinate on a wide range of international issues, including peace and security, development, human rights, and international law.
UN Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six main organs of the United Nations and is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members, 5 of which are permanent (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and hold veto power, and 10 of which are elected for two-year terms. The Security Council has a range of powers, including the authority to impose sanctions and authorize using force to maintain or restore international peace and security. It also establishes and maintains peacekeeping operations and hears reports from the Secretary-General and other UN bodies.
peacekeeping action
Peacekeeping action refers to the deployment of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping forces to areas of conflict or instability to maintain or restore peace and security. Peacekeeping operations are authorized by the United Nations Security Council and are carried out by peacekeeping forces composed of military, police, and civilian personnel from UN member states.
World Food Program
The World Food Program (WFP) is the food assistance branch of the United Nations and the world’s largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security. The WFP provides food assistance to people affected by emergencies such as conflict, natural disasters, and displacement and those suffering from chronic food insecurity. The organization works in over 80 countries and aims to end hunger, promote food security, and improve nutrition.
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
UNESCO stands for the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945 to promote peace and security by fostering collaboration among nations through education, science, and culture. The organization has a diverse range of programs and activities, including promoting literacy and gender equality in education, supporting the preservation of cultural heritage sites and monuments, and promoting the free flow of ideas and scientific collaboration across borders.
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an independent, international non-governmental organization (NGO) founded in 1978 to promote and protect human rights worldwide. The organization conducts investigations and research, advocates for policy change, and provides education and assistance to victims of human rights abuses. HRW is dedicated to defending civil and political rights, such as freedom of expression, association, and religion, as well as economic, social, and cultural rights, such as the right to health and education.
International Peace Bureau
The International Peace Bureau (IPB) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) that was established in 1891 with the goal of promoting peace and disarmament globally. The IPB works to prevent conflict and violence, promote disarmament, and support nonviolent conflict resolution.
