Unit 6: Topic 7 - Migration: Effects Flashcards
Gold Rush
The American Gold Rush drew many young American men from the east out west for the hoop of becoming rich and striking gold. Most of the immigrants were men, leaving new gender roles for women. Chinese immigrants also came over for the Gold Rush. They were treated poorly and created their ethnic enclaves.
Ethnic Enclaves
Immigrants who moved to a new location would find each other and live together. They brought their own culture to their new home, which would affect the culture of their surroundings.
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act was a law signed by Chester A. Aurthur in 1882. It was meant to slow the influx of Chinese immigration to the US. The law allowed for no new Chinese Immigrants for the next 10 years and did not allow current immigrants to become US citizens. The effects of the act were a sharp decline in the number of Chinese immigrants to the US and Chinese-American immigrants could not become citizens until 1943.
White Australia Policy
The White Australia Policy was a set of laws in Australia that forbade people of non-European origin. These laws aimed to exclude Asian workers, primarily Chinese, from taking jobs in the gold fields of Australia. The Australian government eventually removed these policies in the mid-20th century.
Transcontinental Railroad
The majority of workers on the American Transcontinental Railroad were Chinese male immigrants. The workers faced challenging work and received little pay. After a few strikes, they received better working conditions; however, it still needed improvement. The construction of the railroad, the Gold Rush, and other labor projects throughout the world left women in China to take roles that men traditionally held.
Natal Indian Congress
The Natal Indian Congress was an organization that worked to fight discrimination against Indian immigrants in South Africa. Gandhi first formed the congress; however, he was not an active member due to being in India.
Chinese Immigration Act (1855)
The Chinese Immigration Act was a Canadian law that posed a fine of $50 for every Chinese immigrant who wished to enter the country. The Chinese Immigration Act was Canada’s first law to exclude certain people from entering their country based on ethnic origin.
Chinatowns
Chinatowns are defined as an area in a non-Asia towns where Chinese Asians make up a large portion of the population. These ethnic enclaves, such as the one in San Fransisco, create massive cultural shifts around them.
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi was a prominent Indian figure who organized civil rights movements in India to oppose the British Empire. His works have helped oppressed people groups worldwide.
No Irish Need Apply
Following an upturn in Irish Immigration in the 19th century, the term “No Irish Need Apply” was coined to discriminate in job postings. Job postings with this phrase would not accept people of Irish descent from applying for the job. During this period, there was lots of Anti-Irish sentiment, partially because of their Catholic heritage.
