Unit 7: Topic 5 - Unresolved Tensions

Question 1

Manchukuo

Answer 1

Manchukuo was a state controlled by the Japanese emperor during WWII following the Mukden Incident. The state was in modern-day China and was given back to the Chinese after the surrender of the Japanese.

Question 2

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Answer 2

A piece of propaganda that Japan used on the Asian territory that it conquered. They claimed that the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere would be a bloc of Asian people who didn’t rely on the West and instead the Japanese. The bloc’s real intent was to further Japan’s power in Asia.

Question 3

Indian National Congress

Answer 3

The Indian National Congress is a political party that fought against British control of India using civil disobedience. They were successful in 1950 and became active in the Indian political scene.

Question 4

Balfour Declaration

Answer 4

The Balfour Declaration was a British public statement that announced support for creating a Jewish State in Palestine, despite a local population already living in Palestine.

Question 5

Russian Civil War

Answer 5

From the period of 1918 to 1920, the Russian Civil War occurred. It was fought between the Bolsheviks and the Whites, a right-wing group. Ultimately the Bolsheviks won and began forming the Soviet Union.

Question 6

Chinese Civil War

Answer 6

The Chinese Civil war takes place in two parts and an intermission. The Communist party won in the end, and the Communists forced the Nationalist party to the island of Taiwan, where they remain today.

Question 7

Nazi Germany

Answer 7

Nazi Germany, also called the Third Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945. It was formed by Adolf Hitler and controlled the majority of Eastern Europe at the height of its power.

Question 8

Arthur Balfour

Answer 8

Arthur Balfour was a British politician who passed the Balfour Declaration.

Question 9

Mahatma Gandhi

Answer 9

Mahatma Gandhi was an Indian Lawyer who fought British oppression in India and other countries worldwide. He is most well known for using nonviolent resistance to achieve his intentions.

Question 10

Adolf Hitler

Answer 10

Adolf Hitler was the dictator of Germany during WWII and founded Nazi Germany. His policies led to the invasion of Europe and the deaths of millions.

Question 11

Mao Zedong

Answer 11

Mao Zedong was the ruler of China after WWII and the Chinese Civil War. He led the Communist party to victory and implemented many policies to further the state. He is most well-known for the Great Leap Forward policy, which was supposed to industrialize the country to partial success and many deaths.

Question 12

Hirohito

Answer 12

Hirohito was the emperor of Japan during the Meiji Restitution and the expansion of Imperial Japan. Under his rule, Japan entered WWII and occupied many countries and islands.

Question 13

Mandate System

Answer 13

The Mandate System was a way for the Allied nations of WWI to govern territory taken by Germany or the Ottomans. Their territory was split into three different groups, and each group received different levels of independence.

Question 14

Decolonization

Answer 14

Decolonization was the practice of governments removing their influence from their colonies.

Question 15

Civil Disobedience

Answer 15

The refusal to comply with certain laws as a peaceful form of political protest.

Question 16

Big Three

Answer 16

The Big Three were the leaders of the three countries that did most of the work for the Allied Forces during WWII: Great Britain, the United States of America, and the Soviet Union. The leaders had the same intentions; however, their ways of getting there differed. Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union, was deeply suspicious of Winston Churchill, Great Britain, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, USA, and did not share much information with them despite being in an alliance.

Question 17

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Answer 17

Muhammad Ali Jinnah served as the first governor of Pakistan and died one year after Pakistan’s creation. He is credited with the birth of the country. Before its creation, he advocated for the rights of Muslims who lived in India until the Indian congress made a multi-state solution.

Question 18

Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer 18

Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Indian Prime Minister and advocated for the decolonization of India with Gandhi.

Question 19

Chiang Kai-shek

Answer 19

Chiang Kai-shek was the leader of the Nationalist movement in China and was the last leader of the Republic of China, ROC. He was defeated by Mao Zedong and the Communists and was forced to rule over Taiwan until he died in 1975.

Question 20

Pan-Arabism

Answer 20

Pan-Arabism is the idea that all Arabs are one nation and that the countries that span from North Africa to Western Asia should unify.

Question 21

Satyagraha movement

Answer 21

The Satyagraha movement is a movement that uses nonviolence to achieve its goals. Mahatma Gandhi popularized it in India and other countries, such as the United States of America and South Africa.

Question 22

Salt March

Answer 22

Gandhi led the famous Salt March in India to abolish the British Salt Laws as an act of Satyagraha or peaceful resistance by breaking the Salt Law. The salt march drew international intention and put pressure on the British government to give in to the Congress Party’s demands and lift the tax on salt.

Question 23

March First Movement

Answer 23

The March First Movement was in Korea against Japanese rule in 1919. Although the movement’s ultimate goal, Korean independence, failed, it laid the groundwork for freedom that would come later.

Question 24

May Fourth Movement

Answer 24

A movement in China that protested the Treaty of Versailles and Japan.

Question 25

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Answer 25

The Chinese Communist Party is the only ruling party in China currently and the party that opposed the Nationalist party in the Chinese Civil War.

Question 26

Kuomintang

Answer 26

The Kuomintang is the Nationalist party that lost the Chinese Civil War to the Chinese Communist Party.

Question 27

Long March

Answer 27

The Long March was a military retreat by the Communist Party’s troops during the Chinese Civil War to regroup. The longest of these marches was led by Mao Zedong and lasted just over a year. That march was the beginning of Mao’s rise to power.

Question 28

Palestine

Answer 28

Palestine is a state located in South Western Asia. Britain gave its lands to Israel, and tension has existed between the two states since.

Question 29

Pakistan

Answer 29

Pakistan was created after WWII to reduce the oppression of Muslims in India.

Question 30

Amritsar

Answer 30

Amritsar is a city in India that saw a massacre due to protests of the Indian government in 1919. Many of the city’s inhabitants were Sikhs who related with Gandhi and called for the decolonization of India.

Question 31

Zionists

Answer 31

Zionists believe in Zionism, or that Jews should return to their homeland in South West Asia. This movement is responsible for the creation of Israel.

Question 32

Jomo Kenyatta

Answer 32

Kenyatta was the first native Kenyan Prime Minister and was an activist for the decolonization of Kenya.

Question 33

Leopold Sedar Senghor

Answer 33

Senghor was the first Senegal President and supported its birth as a nation. He is considered one of the most influential African intellects of the 20th century.