Unit 7: Topic 5 - Unresolved Tensions Flashcards
Manchukuo
Manchukuo was a state controlled by the Japanese emperor during WWII following the Mukden Incident. The state was in modern-day China and was given back to the Chinese after the surrender of the Japanese.
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
A piece of propaganda that Japan used on the Asian territory that it conquered. They claimed that the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere would be a bloc of Asian people who didn’t rely on the West and instead the Japanese. The bloc’s real intent was to further Japan’s power in Asia.
Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress is a political party that fought against British control of India using civil disobedience. They were successful in 1950 and became active in the Indian political scene.
Balfour Declaration
The Balfour Declaration was a British public statement that announced support for creating a Jewish State in Palestine, despite a local population already living in Palestine.
Russian Civil War
From the period of 1918 to 1920, the Russian Civil War occurred. It was fought between the Bolsheviks and the Whites, a right-wing group. Ultimately the Bolsheviks won and began forming the Soviet Union.
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil war takes place in two parts and an intermission. The Communist party won in the end, and the Communists forced the Nationalist party to the island of Taiwan, where they remain today.
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, also called the Third Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945. It was formed by Adolf Hitler and controlled the majority of Eastern Europe at the height of its power.
Arthur Balfour
Arthur Balfour was a British politician who passed the Balfour Declaration.
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi was an Indian Lawyer who fought British oppression in India and other countries worldwide. He is most well known for using nonviolent resistance to achieve his intentions.
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was the dictator of Germany during WWII and founded Nazi Germany. His policies led to the invasion of Europe and the deaths of millions.
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong was the ruler of China after WWII and the Chinese Civil War. He led the Communist party to victory and implemented many policies to further the state. He is most well-known for the Great Leap Forward policy, which was supposed to industrialize the country to partial success and many deaths.
Hirohito
Hirohito was the emperor of Japan during the Meiji Restitution and the expansion of Imperial Japan. Under his rule, Japan entered WWII and occupied many countries and islands.
Mandate System
The Mandate System was a way for the Allied nations of WWI to govern territory taken by Germany or the Ottomans. Their territory was split into three different groups, and each group received different levels of independence.
Decolonization
Decolonization was the practice of governments removing their influence from their colonies.
Civil Disobedience
The refusal to comply with certain laws as a peaceful form of political protest.
Big Three
The Big Three were the leaders of the three countries that did most of the work for the Allied Forces during WWII: Great Britain, the United States of America, and the Soviet Union. The leaders had the same intentions; however, their ways of getting there differed. Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union, was deeply suspicious of Winston Churchill, Great Britain, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, USA, and did not share much information with them despite being in an alliance.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah served as the first governor of Pakistan and died one year after Pakistan’s creation. He is credited with the birth of the country. Before its creation, he advocated for the rights of Muslims who lived in India until the Indian congress made a multi-state solution.
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Indian Prime Minister and advocated for the decolonization of India with Gandhi.
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek was the leader of the Nationalist movement in China and was the last leader of the Republic of China, ROC. He was defeated by Mao Zedong and the Communists and was forced to rule over Taiwan until he died in 1975.
Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism is the idea that all Arabs are one nation and that the countries that span from North Africa to Western Asia should unify.
Satyagraha movement
The Satyagraha movement is a movement that uses nonviolence to achieve its goals. Mahatma Gandhi popularized it in India and other countries, such as the United States of America and South Africa.
Salt March
Gandhi led the famous Salt March in India to abolish the British Salt Laws as an act of Satyagraha or peaceful resistance by breaking the Salt Law. The salt march drew international intention and put pressure on the British government to give in to the Congress Party’s demands and lift the tax on salt.
March First Movement
The March First Movement was in Korea against Japanese rule in 1919. Although the movement’s ultimate goal, Korean independence, failed, it laid the groundwork for freedom that would come later.
May Fourth Movement
A movement in China that protested the Treaty of Versailles and Japan.
