Unit 9: Developmental Flashcards
The name for a human egg immediately after it has been fertilized
Zygote
Ten days after conception, a baby is called a a(n)___________
Embryo
9 weeks after conception, a baby is called a(n) ______________
Fetus
Harmful agents that can attack an embryo
Teratogen
A disorder caused by consuming alcohol during pregnancy, characterized by disproportionately small head and brain damage
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Piaget’s term for the organizational structure for objects (e.g. “Cow” is something that is black and white, large, has four legs, and moos)
Schema
The process of adding to a schema (e.g. If you see a brown cow, you have to include “brown” to the schema description that might have previously only included black and white)
Assimilation
The process of refining a schema (e.g. Your schema for ‘cow’ might be “black and white and large” - until you meet a Zebra - then the schema needs refining)
Accomodation
Vygotsky’s concept of providing cognitive support for a child
Scaffolding
The term Vygotsky uses for the optimal skill level of a new task to be learned by a child. At the lower level, the task might could be learned on one’s own, and at the upper level, scaffolding may be needed to learn the task.
Zone of Proximal Development
A point in developmental time when a child can learn a skill most efficiently and quickly.
Critical Period
The name for a critical period at the beginning of life in animals where they learn extremely quickly (e.g. the first thing a newborn bird sees might become what it thinks of as “mother”)
Imprinting
A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.
Temperament
Assuming an infant is brought up in the “correct” way - they will develop this - which means that they see the world as a basically good place.
Basic Trust
Who am I?
Self-Concept
How good do I feel about myself?
Self-Esteem
What are the four stages ages in Piaget’s stages of development
- Sensorimotor (Birth - 2)
- Preoperational (2-7)
- Concrete Operational (7-11)
- Formal Operational (11-Adult)
What are the ages and characteristics of the sensorimotor stage of development
Sensorimotor
Age: Birth - 2 years
Characteristics: Experience the world through their senses (look, hear, touch…)
Develop “Object Permanence” during this stage
What are the ages and characteristics of the Peroperational stage of development
Preoperational
Age: 2 - 7
Characteristics: Beginning to use symbols (language) to represent objects. Use intuitive rather than logical reasoning
* Exhibit egocentrism and “pretend play”
The “me-centered” ideology of a child, where they believe that all other people feel, act, think, and even see what they do.
Egocentrism
If you are able to play peek-a-boo with a child, and they think you have left when hiding behind your hands, they have not yet developed ___________________
Object permanence
Describe the ages and characteristics of Piaget’s “Concrete Operational” stage of development
Concrete Operational
Age: 7 - 11
Characteristics: Able to think in concrete ways, but not abstractly
Develop a sense of conservation of liquid during this stage
Are able to do mathematical transformation
What is a conservation task?
An example of a conservation task would be showing a child two equal volumes of liquid in two equally shaped glasses, and then pouring one of the glasses into a tall, thin glass, and asking which is “more” (“They are the same” would be the correct answer)
Describe the ages and characteristics of Piaget’s “Formal Operational” stage of development
Formal Operational Age: 11 - adult Characteristics: Able to think abstractly Able to use moral reasoning
