Unit 10: Personality

Question 1

In Sigmund Freud’s metaphor using an iceberg, what were the three labeled pieces of the iceberg?

Answer 1

Question 2

What was the purpose of the iceberg in Freud’s metaphor

Answer 2

Like an iceberg, which is mostly under water, Freud said that our mind was mostly unconscious.

Question 3

What is the difference between conscious, preconscious, and unconscious thoughts?

Answer 3

Conscious = What you are currently thinking

Preconscious = What you are not thinking, but could be (e.g. memories)

Unconscious = What you are not capable of thinking about, but control your actions (e.g. Hatred for a parent, secret love for a person)

Question 4

What are the three functions driving our behaviors and thoughts according to Freud?

Answer 4

Id

Ego

Superego

Question 5

What is the difference between the Id, Ego, and Superego

Answer 5

Id = “devil on your shoulder” - unfiltered, animalistic desires (evil)

Ego = “mediator” - does what is realistic, listenes to the Id and the Superego

Superego = “angel on your shoulder” - morality, (what Jesus would do)

Question 6

In order, what are Freud’s psychosexual stages of development?

Answer 6

Oral (<18 mo)

Anal (18-36 mo)

Phallic (3-6 y/o)

Latent (6 - puberty)

Genital (after puberty)

Question 7

What was the term used when a person gets “stuck” in one of Freud’s psychosexual stages, and it manifests itself later in life?

Answer 7

Fixation

Question 8

What are the two stages of fixation related to the anal stage - and what do they mean generally?

Answer 8

Anal Retentive

A person who is excessively tidy and/or hates messes

Anal Expulsive

Messy, disorganized and/or rebellious

Question 9

The defense mechanism where an individual completely blocks out from memory a traumatic experience

Answer 9

Repression

Question 10

Regression

Answer 10

When a person reverts back to an earlier stage in development to deal with emotional trauma (e.g. sucking their thumb)

Question 11

Reaction Formation

Answer 11

Acting opposite the way a person really feels

Example: Acting mean towards a person that you really like

Question 12

Projection

Answer 12

Taking traits of ones’ own self and placing them on others

Example: A selfish person is quick to see selfish traits in other people

Question 13

Ratioanlization

Answer 13

Making excuses for bad situations

Example: You didn’t get into the college you wanted, so you say you didn’t want to go there anyway.

Question 14

Displacement

Answer 14

Taking your emotions out on an object or person unrelated to what caused your emotions

Example: You have a bad day at school, so you yell at your little brother when you get home.

Question 15

Sublimation

Answer 15

Using an upsetting situation as energy to do something productive and good

Example: Your girlfriend breaks up with you, which makes you angry, but you use that to run faster in the track meet.

Question 16

Denial

Answer 16

Refusal to accept reality

Example:

Your boyfriend breaks up with you. However, when asked you say, “No he didn’t mean it, he’ll be back, we have a date tomorrow night”.

Question 17

At what age did Freud say that our personality traits were made fairly permanent

Answer 17

6

Question 18

According to Carl Jung, out entire society has a sort of shared set of traits, knowledge and experience. He called this:

Answer 18

Collective Unconscious

Question 19

What is the name of the psychoanalysts that came after Freud

Answer 19

Neo-Freudians

Question 20

What is the purpose of projective tests

Answer 20

To uncover, or “project” the unconscious.