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McGuinness AP Psychology > Unit 3A: Neural Processing and the Endocrine System > Flashcards

Unit 3A: Neural Processing and the Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Phrenology?

A

Phrenology was the belief, started in the 1800s by Franz Gall, that bumps on a person’s head revealed aspects of their personality or intelligence.

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2
Q

What is a neuron

A

A cell used in the nervous system to send and receive messages.

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3
Q

Neurons that send messages from the body to the brain

A

Sensory Neuron

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4
Q

Neuron that sends messages from the brain to the body

A

Motor Neuron

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5
Q

Neurons located in the brain which communicate with other brain neurons

A

Interneuron

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6
Q

The “arms” branching from the body of a neuron that receive information from other neurons

A

Dendrite

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7
Q

The body of a cell

A

Cell Body

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8
Q

The “brain” of the cell, located in the very center of the body

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

The area immediately before the axon that initially begins an action potential

A

Axon Hillock

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10
Q

The long “arm” of a neuron which sends a message (length can range from less than a millimeter, to several feet)

A

Axon

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11
Q

The fatty tissue which insulates the axon

A

Myelin Sheath

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12
Q

The cell that produces the fatty tissue that makes up the myelin sheath

A

Schwann Cell

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13
Q

The electro-chemical charge that travels across the axon

A

Action Potential

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14
Q

The “arms” extending at the end of the axon, which send messages to other neurons

A

Axon Terminal / Terminal Button / Terminal Branches

All words for the same thing

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15
Q

The extremely small gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another

A

Synaptic Gap (or Synaptic Cleft)

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16
Q

The minimum electrical stimulation required by the axon hillock to send an action potential

A

Threshold

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17
Q

The period of time after an action potential is sent that the axon is unable to accept another action potential

A

Refractory Period

18
Q

Neurotransmitter whose main use is movement

A

Acetylcholine

19
Q

Neurotransmitter whose main purpose is mood (have enough, GREAT! - don’t have enough? depressed / anxious)

A

Serotonin

20
Q

Neurotransmitter - too much? SCHIZOPHRENIA, too little? PARKINSON’S DISEASE

A

Dopamine

21
Q

Mimics a neurotransmitter well enough to bind to the receptor site and fire

A

Agonist

22
Q

Mimics a neurotransmitter well enough to bind to the receptor site and clog the site, so that actual neurotransmitters can not fire

A

Antagonist

23
Q

The process of neurotransmitters going back into the axon terminal from the synapse after “firing”

A

Reuptake

24
Q

A drug that works by preventing neurotransmitters from reentering the axon terminal from the synapse

A

Reuptake inhibitor

25
Q

Oh crap, I am depressed, what happened?

A

Too little serotonin

26
Q

Dang, I have schizophrenia, what is going on?

A

Too much dopamine

27
Q

I’m all shaky from Parkinson’s, what’s happening?

A

Too little dopamine

28
Q

I can’t move, I’m completely paralyzed, WHAT’S HAPPENING TO ME?!?!

A

Too little Acetylcohline (or presence of ACh (Acetylcholine) antagonist)

29
Q

I’m moving my body uncontrollably, AAAAAAHHHHHHH!

A

Too much Acetylcohline (or presence of ACh (Acetylcholine) agonist)

30
Q

The spot on the dendrite where the neurotransmitter “binds”

A

Receptor Site

31
Q

Neurotransmitter which primarily sends inhibitory signals (makes the receiving neuron less likely to send an action potential)

A

GABA

32
Q

Main neurotransmitter involved with Alcohol

A

GABA

33
Q

The “chemical messengers” of the endocrine system

A

Hormones

34
Q

Hormone released by the adrenal gland

A

Epinepherine and Norepinepherine (Adrenaline and Noradrenaline)

35
Q

Bundles of connected axons are called:

A

Nerves

36
Q

System of nerves (bundled axons) which form the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

37
Q

System of nerves (bundled axons) which connect to the muscles, glands and sensory receptors

A

Peripheral Nervous System

38
Q

Part of the nervous system controlled conscious (inside of our control, e.g. moving our hands)

A

Somatic Nervous System

39
Q

Part of the peripheral nervous system which operates unconsciously (out of our control and awareness, e.g. our heartbeat or breathing)

A

Autonomic Nervous System

40
Q

The “master” hormone secreting gland which controls all others

A

Pituitary Gland

41
Q

The hormonal gland which secretes epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

Adrenal Gland

McGuinness AP Psychology (20 decks)

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