Unit 11: Testing and Individual Differences Flashcards
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
Intelligence
An overall, encompassing indicator of intelligence that envelops all subtypes of intelligence
General intelligence (g)
The mathematical procedure used to identify clusters of variables (e.g. the factor used to identify the independent subtypes of intelligence)
Factor analysis
A condition where a person with a low general intelligence may score extremely high on one specific subtype of intelligence (e.g. music or memory)
Savant syndrome
What are Howard Gardener’s “8 Intelligences”
- Linguistic 2. Logical-mathematical 3. Musical 4. Spatial 5. Bodily-kinesthetic 6. Interpersonal (self) 7. Interpersonal (other people) 8. Naturalist
What are Robert Sternberg’s “3 Intelligences”
- Analytical 2. Creative 3. Practical
The know-how involved in comprehending social situations and managing oneself successfully
Emotional Intelligence
What are the abilities involved with “emotional intelligence”
- Perceiving emotion 2. Understanding emotion 3. Managing emotion 4. Using emotion
Is there a correlation between brain *size* and intelligence?
Yes, but it is relatively small (r=.33)
What is “mental age”
The objective of Alfred Binet’s testing in the early 20th century - to discover how a child tested relative to children of different ages
The first widely used intelligence test, designed by Lewis Terman in 1916 - which compared a child’s mental age to their chronological age
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
The term used by William Stern for the number resulting from ( Mental Age / Chronological Age * 100 )
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
The term used for tests that measure the *knowledge* that you have learned
Achievement Test
The term used for tests that *predict* your ability to learn new skills
Aptitude Tests
The most widely used modern intelligence test
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
The process of transforming scores on a test relative to pretest scores
Standardization
The symmetrical bell-shaped curve that shows the distribution of scores falling on intelligence scores
The consistency of a test’s results (e.g. how likely are you to receive the same score if you took the test tomorrow)
Reliability
How well a test’s results reflect what the test is actually supposed to measure
Validity
What is the name and type of this dog?
Miles; Yellow Lab
What is the name and type of this dog?
Maggie; English Setter
The extent to which a test measures the specific items that it intends to measure
Content validity
The extent to which a test is able to predict future behavior or ability
Predictive validity
A child with an IQ score below 70, and has difficulty dealing with the normal demands of life
Intellectual Difficulty
How similar are intelligence scores of identical twins that are raised in the same family?
Nearly identical (r=.85)
Identical twins raised apart r=.72
^ This implies that “nature” is highly involved in intelligence
Fraternal twins raised together r=.60
Siblings raised together r=.45
Unrelated siblings raised together r=.32
