Unit 11: Testing and Individual Differences

Question 1

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Answer 1

Intelligence

Question 2

An overall, encompassing indicator of intelligence that envelops all subtypes of intelligence

Answer 2

General intelligence (g)

Question 3

The mathematical procedure used to identify clusters of variables (e.g. the factor used to identify the independent subtypes of intelligence)

Answer 3

Factor analysis

Question 4

A condition where a person with a low general intelligence may score extremely high on one specific subtype of intelligence (e.g. music or memory)

Answer 4

Savant syndrome

Question 5

What are Howard Gardener’s “8 Intelligences”

Answer 5

1. Linguistic 2. Logical-mathematical 3. Musical 4. Spatial 5. Bodily-kinesthetic 6. Interpersonal (self) 7. Interpersonal (other people) 8. Naturalist

Question 6

What are Robert Sternberg’s “3 Intelligences”

Answer 6

1. Analytical 2. Creative 3. Practical

Question 7

The know-how involved in comprehending social situations and managing oneself successfully

Answer 7

Emotional Intelligence

Question 8

What are the abilities involved with “emotional intelligence”

Answer 8

1. Perceiving emotion 2. Understanding emotion 3. Managing emotion 4. Using emotion

Question 9

Is there a correlation between brain *size* and intelligence?

Answer 9

Yes, but it is relatively small (r=.33)

Question 10

What is “mental age”

Answer 10

The objective of Alfred Binet’s testing in the early 20th century - to discover how a child tested relative to children of different ages

Question 11

The first widely used intelligence test, designed by Lewis Terman in 1916 - which compared a child’s mental age to their chronological age

Answer 11

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

Question 12

The term used by William Stern for the number resulting from ( Mental Age / Chronological Age * 100 )

Answer 12

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Question 13

The term used for tests that measure the *knowledge* that you have learned

Answer 13

Achievement Test

Question 14

The term used for tests that *predict* your ability to learn new skills

Answer 14

Aptitude Tests

Question 15

The most widely used modern intelligence test

Answer 15

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Question 16

The process of transforming scores on a test relative to pretest scores

Answer 16

Standardization

Question 17

The symmetrical bell-shaped curve that shows the distribution of scores falling on intelligence scores

Answer 17

Question 18

The consistency of a test’s results (e.g. how likely are you to receive the same score if you took the test tomorrow)

Answer 18

Reliability

Question 19

How well a test’s results reflect what the test is actually supposed to measure

Answer 19

Validity

Question 20

What is the name and type of this dog?

Answer 20

Miles; Yellow Lab

Question 21

What is the name and type of this dog?

Answer 21

Maggie; English Setter

Question 22

The extent to which a test measures the specific items that it intends to measure

Answer 22

Content validity

Question 23

The extent to which a test is able to predict future behavior or ability

Answer 23

Predictive validity

Question 24

A child with an IQ score below 70, and has difficulty dealing with the normal demands of life

Answer 24

Intellectual Difficulty

Question 25

How similar are intelligence scores of identical twins that are raised in the same family?

Answer 25

Nearly identical (r=.85)

Identical twins raised apart r=.72

^ This implies that “nature” is highly involved in intelligence

Fraternal twins raised together r=.60

Siblings raised together r=.45

Unrelated siblings raised together r=.32