Unit 8A: Motivation

Question 1

A need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it toward a goal

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

A behavior that is fixed and has not been learned

Answer 2

Instinct

Question 3

Psychological “needs” create an aroused state. Humans have motivation to reduce that state of arousal, which drives our behavior toward this goal.

Answer 3

Drive-reduction theory

e.g. lack of food makes us hungry (arousal), and we are motivated to reduce this arousal by eating

Question 4

The non-aroused state of existence within the drive-reduction theory of motivation

Answer 4

Homeostasis

Question 5

Positive or negative stimuli that attract or repel us (e.g. rewards and/or punishments)

Answer 5

Incentive

Question 6

The pyramid-shaped diagram of human motivational incentives - with the most fundamental needs at the bottom, and the more abstract “Self-Actualization” at the top

Answer 6

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Question 7

What are the five levels of Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 7

1. Physiological Needs (Hunger, Thirst, Sleep, Breathing…)
2. Safety Needs (Health, Employment…)
3. Love/Belonging (Friendship, Family…)
4. Esteem (Self-Esteem, Confidence, Achievement)
5. Self-Actualization (Morality, Creativity, Spontaneity)

Question 8

Abraham Maslow’s term for realizing and living up to our full potential

Answer 8

Self-Actualization

Question 9

The sugar in our body that regulates our sense of “hunger”

Answer 9

Glucose

Question 10

Hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates the amount of glocuse in the body

Answer 10

Insulin

Question 11

The natural weight level of an organism. If weight drops below this level, the metabolism slows down, if it moves above this level, metabolism speeds up

Answer 11

Set point

Question 12

The rate of energy expenditure for maintaining basic body functions when the body is at rest

Answer 12

Basal metabolic rate

Question 13

Eating disorder in which a person:

(a) refuses to maintain at least 85% of a normal body weight
(b) has a severe fear of gaining weight

Answer 13

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 14

Eating disorder in which a person typically:

(a) Eats more than a normal meal in one sitting
(b) Removes the food through a “purge” (vomiting or the use of exercise)
(c) Is not underweight (usually normal or slightly overweight)

Answer 14

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 15

Eating disorder in which a person:

(a) Eats significantly more than a normal meal in one sitting
(b) Does not purge

Answer 15

Binge-Eating Disorder

Question 16

Hormones that contribute to female sex characteristics - peaks during ovulation

Answer 16

Estrogen

Question 17

Hormones that contribute to male sex characteristics

Answer 17

Testosterone