Unit 1: History and Approaches Flashcards
What did Socrates and Plato believe about the mind and body?
They believed that the mind and body are separate, and that the mind can continue existing after the body dies.
The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
Empiricism
School of psychology that used introspection to explore the mind
Structuralism
School of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes are function in an evolutionary sense
Functionalism
The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method
Experimental psychology
The view that psychology should
(1) be an objective science
(2) study only behavior, not abstract thoughts
Behaviorism
Branch of psychology that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people
Humanistic Psychology
The science of behavior and mental processes
Psychology
Integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and sociological levels of analysis
Biopsychosocial Approach
Branch of psychology which studies links between biological processes and mental processes
Biological Psychology
Branch of psychology which studies the link between human adaptations to environmental stimuli over time and our current psychological state
Evolutionary Psychology
The branch of psychology concerned with how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior
Psychodynamic Perspective
The branch of psychology concerned with mental activities, including thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
Cognitive Psychology
The branch of psychology concerned with how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking
Social-Cultural Psychology
Psychologist who started the “structuralist” school of psychology
Edward Titschener
Psychologist who started the “functionalist” school of psychology
William James
Psychologist who started psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
What is the “nature-nurture” debate?
The controversial divide over the importance of genetic (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) in human traits or behaviors.
What does John Locke’s term “Tabula Rasa” mean?
“Blank Slate” - the idea that humans are born without inherent knowledge, that all knowledge is learned
What is the name of a psychologist that has a medical degree and can prescribe drugs?
Psychiatrist
What is the type of psychologist with a PhD that counsels people with more severe mental disorders (e.g. Schizophrenia, Major Depression), but cannot prescribe drugs?
Clinical Psychologist
Name of psychologist that helps people improve their functioning, and works with moderate mental disorders (e.g. Alcoholism, Depression, Anxiety) - typically has a master’s degree, and has acquired a licence to practice.
Counseling Psychologist
Branch of psychology dedicated to the creation, administration and interpretation of tests that measure human traits or abilities.
Psychometrics
Type of psychologist that studies how humans can most efficiently interact and create in a workplace, usually with a masters or PhD level degree
Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychologist
Branch of psychology that defined the word psychology as “the study of observable behavior”
Behavioral Psychology
Man who created the first psychology lab
Wilhelm Wundt
Primary psychologists associated with behavioral psychology
John Watson / B.F. Skinner / Ivan Pavlov
The belief that the “mind” (spirit), and body are separate entities, and that after death, the mind continues to exist.
Dualism
