Unit 1: History and Approaches

Question 1

What did Socrates and Plato believe about the mind and body?

Answer 1

They believed that the mind and body are separate, and that the mind can continue existing after the body dies.

Question 2

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

Answer 2

Empiricism

Question 3

School of psychology that used introspection to explore the mind

Answer 3

Structuralism

Question 4

School of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes are function in an evolutionary sense

Answer 4

Functionalism

Question 5

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

Answer 5

Experimental psychology

Question 6

The view that psychology should

(1) be an objective science
(2) study only behavior, not abstract thoughts

Answer 6

Behaviorism

Question 7

Branch of psychology that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

Answer 7

Humanistic Psychology

Question 8

The science of behavior and mental processes

Answer 8

Psychology

Question 9

Integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and sociological levels of analysis

Answer 9

Biopsychosocial Approach

Question 10

Branch of psychology which studies links between biological processes and mental processes

Answer 10

Biological Psychology

Question 11

Branch of psychology which studies the link between human adaptations to environmental stimuli over time and our current psychological state

Answer 11

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 12

The branch of psychology concerned with how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior

Answer 12

Psychodynamic Perspective

Question 13

The branch of psychology concerned with mental activities, including thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

Answer 13

Cognitive Psychology

Question 14

The branch of psychology concerned with how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Answer 14

Social-Cultural Psychology

Question 15

Psychologist who started the “structuralist” school of psychology

Answer 15

Edward Titschener

Question 16

Psychologist who started the “functionalist” school of psychology

Answer 16

William James

Question 17

Psychologist who started psychoanalysis

Answer 17

Sigmund Freud

Question 18

What is the “nature-nurture” debate?

Answer 18

The controversial divide over the importance of genetic (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) in human traits or behaviors.

Question 19

What does John Locke’s term “Tabula Rasa” mean?

Answer 19

“Blank Slate” - the idea that humans are born without inherent knowledge, that all knowledge is learned

Question 20

What is the name of a psychologist that has a medical degree and can prescribe drugs?

Answer 20

Psychiatrist

Question 21

What is the type of psychologist with a PhD that counsels people with more severe mental disorders (e.g. Schizophrenia, Major Depression), but cannot prescribe drugs?

Answer 21

Clinical Psychologist

Question 22

Name of psychologist that helps people improve their functioning, and works with moderate mental disorders (e.g. Alcoholism, Depression, Anxiety) - typically has a master’s degree, and has acquired a licence to practice.

Answer 22

Counseling Psychologist

Question 23

Branch of psychology dedicated to the creation, administration and interpretation of tests that measure human traits or abilities.

Answer 23

Psychometrics

Question 24

Type of psychologist that studies how humans can most efficiently interact and create in a workplace, usually with a masters or PhD level degree

Answer 24

Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychologist

Question 25

Branch of psychology that defined the word psychology as “the study of observable behavior”

Answer 25

Behavioral Psychology

Question 26

Man who created the first psychology lab

Answer 26

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 27

Primary psychologists associated with behavioral psychology

Answer 27

John Watson / B.F. Skinner / Ivan Pavlov

Question 28

The belief that the “mind” (spirit), and body are separate entities, and that after death, the mind continues to exist.

Answer 28

Dualism